{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414668025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","title":"Application of Social Robots in Higher Education: A Long-Term Study","display_name":"Application of Social Robots in Higher Education: A Long-Term Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414668025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042019393","display_name":"Melissa Donnermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Donnermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076937994","display_name":"Philipp Sch\u00e4per","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Schaper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021368652","display_name":"Birgit Lugrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-0080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birgit Lugrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socially Interactive Agents, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042019393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":5.2671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9561473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"2311","last_page":"2326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.7827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-effect","display_name":"Learning effect","score":0.32989999651908875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.7827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10431821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510174","display_name":"Learning effect","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de:42964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/42964","pdf_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/42964/12369_2025_Article_1286.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401635","display_name":"Online Publication Service of W\u00fcrzburg University (W\u00fcrzburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","host_organization_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01286-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325356","display_name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414668025.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414668025.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974791542","https://openalex.org/W1987558457","https://openalex.org/W1996750234","https://openalex.org/W1997188641","https://openalex.org/W2028029365","https://openalex.org/W2036359750","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2045921688","https://openalex.org/W2046920550","https://openalex.org/W2050240516","https://openalex.org/W2054534158","https://openalex.org/W2056384803","https://openalex.org/W2075307380","https://openalex.org/W2078735076","https://openalex.org/W2080543434","https://openalex.org/W2095622232","https://openalex.org/W2095899461","https://openalex.org/W2103084543","https://openalex.org/W2104692327","https://openalex.org/W2109135966","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2115065131","https://openalex.org/W2117655204","https://openalex.org/W2125320384","https://openalex.org/W2126538391","https://openalex.org/W2137577228","https://openalex.org/W2140527237","https://openalex.org/W2143046471","https://openalex.org/W2240797648","https://openalex.org/W2245843004","https://openalex.org/W2592042377","https://openalex.org/W2736539291","https://openalex.org/W2808512042","https://openalex.org/W2809389030","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2907761700","https://openalex.org/W2934055000","https://openalex.org/W2953586260","https://openalex.org/W2966688471","https://openalex.org/W2999166181","https://openalex.org/W3010164621","https://openalex.org/W3036970705","https://openalex.org/W3040037821","https://openalex.org/W3041939290","https://openalex.org/W3093551381","https://openalex.org/W3128423786","https://openalex.org/W3140271936","https://openalex.org/W3175257087","https://openalex.org/W3182318360","https://openalex.org/W4200288985","https://openalex.org/W4212971425","https://openalex.org/W4220661960","https://openalex.org/W4232985273","https://openalex.org/W4240018458","https://openalex.org/W4244135640","https://openalex.org/W4285058494","https://openalex.org/W4297827238","https://openalex.org/W4298112151","https://openalex.org/W4308045213","https://openalex.org/W4392646033","https://openalex.org/W4392856471"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Learning":[1],"in":[2,35,71,121],"higher":[3],"education":[4],"is":[5],"challenging":[6],"for":[7,25,113],"many":[8],"students":[9],"because":[10],"self-directed":[11],"learning":[12,27,49],"and":[13,29,38,95,116,134],"self-motivation":[14],"are":[15],"required.":[16],"Research":[17],"on":[18,106],"social":[19],"robots":[20,120],"has":[21],"already":[22],"shown":[23],"benefits":[24],"students\u2019":[26,36],"outcomes":[28],"experience.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,53],"context,":[33],"changes":[34,92],"attitudes":[37],"behavior":[39],"over":[40,93],"time":[41,94],"remain":[42],"unexplored":[43],"but":[44],"may":[45],"potentially":[46],"influence":[47],"the":[48,72,86,90,111,127,140,143],"process.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"issue,":[54],"we":[55],"conducted":[56],"a":[57,63,97,103,130],"long-term":[58,114],"field":[59],"experiment":[60],"by":[61],"integrating":[62],"robot-supported":[64],"tutoring":[65,80,128],"into":[66],"an":[67],"existing":[68],"university":[69],"course":[70],"STEM":[73],"area":[74],"during":[75],"one":[76],"semester":[77],"with":[78,119],"five":[79],"sessions.":[81],"Our":[82],"results":[83],"show":[84],"that":[85],"learners\u2019":[87],"perception":[88],"of":[89,126,142],"robot":[91],"indicates":[96],"Novelty":[98],"Effect":[99,105],"as":[100,102],"well":[101],"Mere-Exposure":[104],"relevant":[107],"scales.":[108],"This":[109],"highlights":[110],"need":[112],"studies":[115],"repeated":[117],"encounters":[118],"educational":[122],"settings.":[123],"Additionally,":[124],"participants":[125],"reported":[129],"subjective":[131],"knowledge":[132],"gain":[133],"had":[135],"better":[136],"exam":[137],"grades":[138],"than":[139],"average":[141],"course.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
