{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412395278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","title":"Relational Dimensions in the Implementation and Use of Robotics in Outpatient Care \u2013 An Empirical Exploration and Ethical Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives","display_name":"Relational Dimensions in the Implementation and Use of Robotics in Outpatient Care \u2013 An Empirical Exploration and Ethical Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412395278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057949943","display_name":"Niklas Ellerich-Groppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-0506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Ellerich-Groppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Ethics in Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-0506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Ethics in Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073313278","display_name":"Tobias Krahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5619-8138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Krahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5619-8138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060354161","display_name":"Andreas Hein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-2282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Hein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-2282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030037065","display_name":"Mark Schweda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-6561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Schweda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Ethics in Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-6561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Division Health, OFFIS \u2013 Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Ethics in Medicine, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Ammerl\u00e4nder Heerstra\u00dfe 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057949943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168","https://openalex.org/I202367325"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":1.3619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81375891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"1871","last_page":"1889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11163","display_name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7370358109474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.7015844583511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5798010230064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4520339071750641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechatronics","display_name":"Mechatronics","score":0.4412638545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.42863720655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.4213593006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3519831597805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3480738401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34231340885162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2974633574485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25842559337615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.22380831837654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.21787625551223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1997029185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.1817132830619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08914217352867126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7370358109474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.7015844583511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5798010230064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4520339071750641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.4412638545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.42863720655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4213593006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3519831597805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3480738401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34231340885162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2974633574485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25842559337615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.22380831837654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21787625551223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1997029185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.1817132830619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08914217352867126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-025-01281-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319088","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412395278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412395278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606469107","https://openalex.org/W1519302612","https://openalex.org/W1913914512","https://openalex.org/W1969270199","https://openalex.org/W1972361065","https://openalex.org/W1976869056","https://openalex.org/W1980385994","https://openalex.org/W1994436283","https://openalex.org/W2000476293","https://openalex.org/W2014808731","https://openalex.org/W2060347732","https://openalex.org/W2074531732","https://openalex.org/W2076869047","https://openalex.org/W2084099834","https://openalex.org/W2106373505","https://openalex.org/W2121189174","https://openalex.org/W2135484935","https://openalex.org/W2155490314","https://openalex.org/W2234644091","https://openalex.org/W2508058976","https://openalex.org/W2587079545","https://openalex.org/W2592777890","https://openalex.org/W2765304416","https://openalex.org/W2775722097","https://openalex.org/W2783974868","https://openalex.org/W2889487142","https://openalex.org/W2900526518","https://openalex.org/W2924014826","https://openalex.org/W2948586080","https://openalex.org/W2981649523","https://openalex.org/W2983633668","https://openalex.org/W3025336759","https://openalex.org/W3042298044","https://openalex.org/W3108848348","https://openalex.org/W3138980076","https://openalex.org/W3191037997","https://openalex.org/W3194950622","https://openalex.org/W3195903237","https://openalex.org/W3204695135","https://openalex.org/W3206401294","https://openalex.org/W4200610502","https://openalex.org/W4206164134","https://openalex.org/W4220658996","https://openalex.org/W4225634803","https://openalex.org/W4226530605","https://openalex.org/W4281295933","https://openalex.org/W4283167541","https://openalex.org/W4297056831","https://openalex.org/W4308347303","https://openalex.org/W4310661480","https://openalex.org/W4310661517","https://openalex.org/W4321227274","https://openalex.org/W4385559861","https://openalex.org/W4388624050","https://openalex.org/W4393386770","https://openalex.org/W4400109599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W122469368","https://openalex.org/W4238798220","https://openalex.org/W2945074068","https://openalex.org/W2475425029","https://openalex.org/W3201918386","https://openalex.org/W2495868881","https://openalex.org/W2467617359","https://openalex.org/W4252287176","https://openalex.org/W2691078541","https://openalex.org/W2490659911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Nursing":[1],"care":[2,24,41,63,86,103,117,123,143],"is":[3,33,48,69],"essentially":[4],"characterized":[5],"by":[6],"relational":[7,30,169,202],"dimensions.":[8],"It":[9],"appears":[10],"plausible":[11],"to":[12,75,89,109,265],"assume":[13],"that":[14],"the":[15,22,40,54,78,94,110,119,130,164,168,193,201,251],"increasing":[16],"use":[17,101,111,274],"of":[18,57,102,112,122,132,137,166,180,192,197,214,217,243,254,261,275],"robotic":[19,113,198,276],"systems":[20,114,199,277],"in":[21,61,84,87,115,125,145,163,278],"sensitive":[23],"environment":[25,47],"could":[26],"fundamentally":[27],"change":[28],"these":[29,244],"structures.":[31],"This":[32,72],"especially":[34],"true":[35],"for":[36,93,200,250],"outpatient":[37,62,85,116,279],"care,":[38,127],"where":[39],"recipients\u2019":[42],"entire":[43],"domestic":[44],"and":[45,65,82,96,100,118,142,177,183,195,208,226,240,268,273],"social":[46],"affected.":[49],"Nevertheless,":[50],"empirical":[51,245],"research":[52],"regarding":[53],"possible":[55],"impacts":[56],"robotics":[58,83,181,204],"on":[59,158,236],"relationality":[60,81,160],"\u2013":[64,68],"vice":[66],"versa":[67],"largely":[70],"lacking.":[71],"paper":[73],"aims":[74],"better":[76],"understand":[77],"interdependence":[79],"between":[80],"order":[88],"define":[90],"starting":[91],"points":[92],"care-":[95],"relation-sensitive":[97],"development,":[98,271],"implementation,":[99,272],"robots.":[104],"After":[105],"a":[106,133,172,237,262,266],"short":[107,213],"introduction":[108],"ethical":[120,241],"significance":[121],"relationships":[124],"home":[126],"we":[128,187,247],"present":[129],"results":[131],"qualitative":[134],"content":[135],"analysis":[136,239],"interviews":[138],"with":[139],"professional":[140,252],"nurses":[141],"recipients":[144],"Germany":[146],"(":[147],"n":[148],"=":[149],"20).":[150],"We":[151],"first":[152],"carve":[153],"out":[154],"three":[155],"main":[156],"views":[157],"how":[159],"becomes":[161],"significant":[162],"context":[165],"robotics:":[167],"network":[170],"as":[171,229,231,256,258],"(a)":[173,206],"condition,":[174],"(b)":[175,211],"resource,":[176],"(c)":[178,219],"locus":[179],"implementation":[182],"use.":[184],"In":[185],"addition,":[186],"reconstruct":[188],"five":[189],"typical":[190],"assessments":[191],"impact":[194],"potentials":[196],"network:":[203],"can":[205],"prevent":[207],"disturb":[209],"relationality,":[210,218,222,228],"fall":[212],"essential":[215],"aspects":[216],"help":[220],"maintaining":[221],"(d)":[223],"improve,":[224],"intensify,":[225],"extend":[227],"well":[230,257],"(e)":[232],"complement":[233],"relationality.":[234],"Based":[235],"critical":[238],"evaluation":[242],"findings,":[246],"outline":[248],"implications":[249],"self-image":[253],"nurses,":[255],"potential":[259],"contributions":[260],"relation-centered":[263],"approach":[264],"successful":[267],"ethically":[269],"acceptable":[270],"care.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}