{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399358459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","title":"A Taxonomy of Explanation Types and Need Indicators in Human\u2013Agent Collaborations","display_name":"A Taxonomy of Explanation Types and Need Indicators in Human\u2013Agent Collaborations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399358459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015902125","display_name":"Lennart Wachowiak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-609X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lennart Wachowiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-609X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891413","display_name":"Andrew Coles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Coles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033243253","display_name":"Gerard Canal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-1198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Canal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059459055","display_name":"Oya \u00c7eliktutan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oya Celiktutan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015902125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.9934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79105592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1681","last_page":"1692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7715314626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introspection","display_name":"Introspection","score":0.7109931111335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6580300331115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.607353925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5912538170814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5292997360229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5035647749900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4256812334060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42514437437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-agent","display_name":"Embodied agent","score":0.4176003336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.41001278162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3258097767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1862495243549347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1453537940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.14503183960914612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7715314626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129671850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210501","display_name":"Introspection","level":2,"score":0.7109931111335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6580300331115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.607353925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5912538170814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5292997360229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5035647749900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4256812334060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42514437437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103683099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370102","display_name":"Embodied agent","level":3,"score":0.4176003336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.41001278162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3258097767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1862495243549347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1453537940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.14503183960914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/afa886a2-24ff-4e71-bec1-430ebd9b7279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/afa886a2-24ff-4e71-bec1-430ebd9b7279","pdf_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/268509238/Wachowiak_IJSR2024_taxonomy_explanations.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wachowiak, L, Coles, A, Canal, G & Celiktutan, O 2024, 'A Taxonomy of Explanation Types and Need Indicators in Human\u2013Agent Collaborations', International Journal of Social Robotics, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1681\u20131692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-024-01148-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3169447477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V010875/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3988828674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V062506/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4269887845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S023356/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4323610225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V062506/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7721061204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V010875/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399358459.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581684831","https://openalex.org/W1751198022","https://openalex.org/W1989390683","https://openalex.org/W2034637247","https://openalex.org/W2073314170","https://openalex.org/W2119858020","https://openalex.org/W2147619277","https://openalex.org/W2151508453","https://openalex.org/W2277838876","https://openalex.org/W2411899139","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2620350838","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2915253508","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2955341878","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963641083","https://openalex.org/W2965465457","https://openalex.org/W2990283237","https://openalex.org/W2995726009","https://openalex.org/W3010290680","https://openalex.org/W3014664651","https://openalex.org/W3042143383","https://openalex.org/W3082925502","https://openalex.org/W3089935969","https://openalex.org/W3091988961","https://openalex.org/W3093798801","https://openalex.org/W3094369551","https://openalex.org/W3107856351","https://openalex.org/W3123499865","https://openalex.org/W3134655704","https://openalex.org/W3158065772","https://openalex.org/W3175235644","https://openalex.org/W3183109154","https://openalex.org/W3183713542","https://openalex.org/W3188815642","https://openalex.org/W3198991573","https://openalex.org/W3215755604","https://openalex.org/W4200290327","https://openalex.org/W4206074635","https://openalex.org/W4210659164","https://openalex.org/W4211039735","https://openalex.org/W4226419098","https://openalex.org/W4249258521","https://openalex.org/W4281788286","https://openalex.org/W4298112234","https://openalex.org/W4307810547","https://openalex.org/W4308804331","https://openalex.org/W4392634027","https://openalex.org/W6601144082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964061810","https://openalex.org/W1979163107","https://openalex.org/W2807810839","https://openalex.org/W16082858","https://openalex.org/W3039975321","https://openalex.org/W2605170620","https://openalex.org/W2599748213","https://openalex.org/W2519695595","https://openalex.org/W315547305","https://openalex.org/W4252135340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,33,106,128],"recent":[2],"years,":[3],"explanations":[4,35,115,218],"have":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7,25,62,81,94,125,168],"pressing":[8],"matter":[9],"in":[10,162,201],"AI":[11,96],"research.":[12],"This":[13],"development":[14],"was":[15],"caused":[16],"by":[17,90,136,177],"the":[18,28,44,48,91,122,131,147,157,163,183,186,214],"increased":[19],"use":[20],"of":[21,27,30,84,93,114,170],"black-box":[22],"models":[23],"and":[24,50,67,174,213],"realization":[26],"importance":[29],"trustworthy":[31],"AI.":[32],"particular,":[34],"are":[36,53,57,87,116,180],"necessary":[37],"for":[38,118,159],"human\u2013agent":[39,119,171],"interactions":[40,56,79],"to":[41,130,145,197],"ensure":[42],"that":[43,51],"user":[45,148],"can":[46],"trust":[47],"agent":[49],"collaborations":[52],"effective.":[54],"Human\u2013agent":[55],"complex":[58],"social":[59],"scenarios":[60],"involving":[61],"user,":[63],"an":[64,68,160,191],"autonomous":[65],"agent,":[66],"environment":[69],"or":[70,102,190],"task":[71],"with":[72,149,204],"its":[73],"own":[74],"distinct":[75],"properties.":[76],"Thus,":[77],"such":[78,98],"require":[80],"wide":[82],"variety":[83,169],"explanations,":[85,143],"which":[86],"not":[88],"covered":[89],"methods":[92],"single":[95],"discipline,":[97],"as":[99],"computer":[100],"vision":[101],"natural":[103],"language":[104],"processing.":[105],"this":[107],"paper,":[108],"we":[109,139,153],"map":[110],"out":[111],"what":[112,155],"types":[113,212],"important":[117],"interactions,":[120],"surveying":[121],"field":[123],"via":[124],"scoping":[126],"review.":[127],"addition":[129],"typical":[132],"introspective":[133],"explanation":[134,161,211],"tackled":[135],"explainability":[137],"researchers,":[138],"look":[140],"at":[141],"assistive":[142],"aiming":[144],"support":[146],"their":[150],"task.":[151],"Secondly,":[152],"survey":[154],"causes":[156,173],"need":[158],"first":[164],"place.":[165],"We":[166],"identify":[167],"interaction-specific":[172],"categorize":[175],"them":[176],"whether":[178],"they":[179],"centered":[181],"on":[182],"agent\u2019s":[184],"behavior,":[185],"user\u2019s":[187],"mental":[188],"state,":[189],"external":[192],"entity.":[193],"Our":[194],"overview":[195],"aims":[196],"guide":[198],"robotics":[199],"practitioners":[200],"designing":[202],"agents":[203],"more":[205],"comprehensive":[206],"explanation-related":[207],"capacities,":[208],"considering":[209],"different":[210],"concrete":[215],"times":[216],"when":[217],"should":[219],"be":[220],"given.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
