{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415569309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","title":"An FCM-based hybrid method for DDoS attack detection in resource-constrained devices","display_name":"An FCM-based hybrid method for DDoS attack detection in resource-constrained devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415569309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164884734","display_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","issn_l":"0003-4347","issn":["0003-4347","1958-9395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083021629","display_name":"Prathibha Keshavamurthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prathibha Keshavamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059286039","display_name":"Sarvesh Kulkarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarvesh Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059286039","https://openalex.org/A5083021629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.1309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85387021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"11-12","first_page":"1071","last_page":"1094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9218000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.40610000491142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7161999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511107","display_name":"Fuzzy cognitive map","level":5,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184992742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243229","display_name":"Prime (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164884734","display_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","issn_l":"0003-4347","issn":["0003-4347","1958-9395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-025-01130-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164884734","display_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","issn_l":"0003-4347","issn":["0003-4347","1958-9395"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415569309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415569309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033012397","https://openalex.org/W2069178824","https://openalex.org/W2072934801","https://openalex.org/W2092394555","https://openalex.org/W2095224843","https://openalex.org/W2122887746","https://openalex.org/W2123070675","https://openalex.org/W2127025275","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2309616937","https://openalex.org/W2337647323","https://openalex.org/W2502158672","https://openalex.org/W2562985317","https://openalex.org/W2564004164","https://openalex.org/W2565350922","https://openalex.org/W2742800889","https://openalex.org/W2748669035","https://openalex.org/W2758232585","https://openalex.org/W2766725984","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2887561884","https://openalex.org/W2907138293","https://openalex.org/W2936423181","https://openalex.org/W2963244068","https://openalex.org/W2979998718","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W3005731256","https://openalex.org/W3141567114","https://openalex.org/W3215313988","https://openalex.org/W4205608240","https://openalex.org/W4212808029","https://openalex.org/W4220658398","https://openalex.org/W4220957574","https://openalex.org/W4285153815","https://openalex.org/W4285202121","https://openalex.org/W4285231873","https://openalex.org/W4296348886","https://openalex.org/W4296993380","https://openalex.org/W4386207859","https://openalex.org/W4386211263","https://openalex.org/W4389371738","https://openalex.org/W4391026828","https://openalex.org/W4395464440","https://openalex.org/W4401675889","https://openalex.org/W4406892882","https://openalex.org/W4410934707"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Smart":[1],"interconnected":[2],"devices":[3,53,227],"belonging":[4],"to":[5,73,103,141,159,175],"the":[6,105,108,113,120,126,163,188],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,15,35,54,107,115,128,150],"Things":[9],"ecosystem":[10],"are":[11,20,62,139],"resource-constrained":[12],"in":[13,40],"terms":[14],"hardware":[16],"and":[17,137,161,200,216,223],"software.":[18],"They":[19],"also":[21,166],"prime":[22],"attack":[23,36],"targets":[24],"for":[25,52,147,226],"malicious":[26,132,180],"parties.":[27],"Although":[28],"there":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"an":[32],"extensive":[33],"exploration":[34],"detection":[37],"methods":[38,102],"rooted":[39],"machine":[41,59,84],"learning,":[42],"such":[43],"approaches":[44],"necessitate":[45],"high":[46],"processing":[47,56],"overhead,":[48],"which":[49],"is":[50,156,213],"ill-suited":[51],"modest":[55],"capabilities.":[57],"Furthermore,":[58],"learning":[60,85],"algorithms":[61],"opaque":[63],"black":[64],"boxes.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"we":[67],"present":[68],"a":[69,143,168,177,219],"novel":[70],"hybrid":[71,211],"approach":[72,89,212],"detect":[74],"distributed":[75],"denial-of-service":[76],"attacks":[77],"using":[78,187],"fuzzy":[79,144,153],"cognitive":[80,145,154],"maps":[81],"paired":[82],"with":[83,204,218,228],"feature":[86,100,118,123,195],"selection.":[87],"Our":[88,183,206],"incorporates":[90],"contextual":[91],"information":[92],"(features)":[93],"drawn":[94],"from":[95],"network":[96],"packets.":[97],"We":[98,165],"utilize":[99],"selection":[101,196],"compute":[104],"weights":[106,111,138,189],"features.":[109],"The":[110,135,152],"capture":[112],"influence":[114],"each":[116,148],"input":[117],"on":[119],"target":[121],"output":[122],"that":[124,171,209],"determines":[125],"classification":[127],"any":[129],"packet":[130,178],"as":[131,179],"or":[133,181],"benign.":[134,182],"features":[136],"used":[140,158],"construct":[142],"map":[146,155],"type":[149],"attack.":[151],"then":[157],"train":[160],"test":[162],"dataset.":[164],"auto-compute":[167],"threshold":[169],"value":[170],"allows":[172],"our":[173],"model":[174,184],"classify":[176],"performs":[185],"best":[186],"computed":[190],"by":[191],"two":[192],"particular":[193],"statistical":[194],"algorithms,":[197],"namely,":[198],"SelectKBest-Classification":[199],"SelectKBest":[201],"Chi-squared,":[202],"combined":[203],"FCM.":[205],"experiments":[207],"show":[208],"this":[210],"simple,":[214],"reliable,":[215],"transparent":[217],"low":[220],"memory":[221],"footprint,":[222],"therefore":[224],"well-suited":[225],"limited":[229],"resources.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
