{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160878854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8","title":"Study on the application of knowledge graph and large language model in question answering on water conservancy knowledge field","display_name":"Study on the application of knowledge graph and large language model in question answering on water conservancy knowledge field","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160878854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135887144","display_name":"Xubo Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xubo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Water Resources Beifang Investigation, Design and Research Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China","Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Water Resources Beifang Investigation, Design and Research Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135853227","display_name":"Bing Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135864960","display_name":"Zhengyu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165591","display_name":"Network Group (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/055hmgs82","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165591"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin Water Network Development Group Co. Ltd., Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin Water Network Development Group Co. Ltd., Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165591"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135881792","display_name":"Wenzhe Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhe Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135881792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9510408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.4449999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.4449999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.34619998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6837000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.3919000029563904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.840499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6837000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780613888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423394","display_name":"Knowledge retrieval","level":3,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29804473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025711","display_name":"Open Knowledge Base Connectivity","level":4,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84685590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540472","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56289545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423376","display_name":"Knowledge integration","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2474386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461183","display_name":"Text corpus","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-026-02140-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198914822","display_name":"Earth Science Informatics","issn_l":"1865-0473","issn":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Earth Science Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759136286","https://openalex.org/W2952370363","https://openalex.org/W3126190563","https://openalex.org/W3177137426","https://openalex.org/W4229439310","https://openalex.org/W4283027533","https://openalex.org/W4285792151","https://openalex.org/W4308791833","https://openalex.org/W4309236643","https://openalex.org/W4313420493","https://openalex.org/W4313885855","https://openalex.org/W4317898419","https://openalex.org/W4392084956","https://openalex.org/W4399978597","https://openalex.org/W4400603307","https://openalex.org/W4403707418","https://openalex.org/W4404136307","https://openalex.org/W4404517435","https://openalex.org/W4404944302","https://openalex.org/W4405923392","https://openalex.org/W4410500471","https://openalex.org/W4410568195","https://openalex.org/W7158715596","https://openalex.org/W7158872283"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T06:14:25.881160","created_date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00"}
