{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163364237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","title":"Hybrid BLE\u2013LoRa architectures for energy-efficient and resilient wireless sensor networks: Experimental validation and adaptive clustering strategies","display_name":"Hybrid BLE\u2013LoRa architectures for energy-efficient and resilient wireless sensor networks: Experimental validation and adaptive clustering strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163364237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177487720","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","issn_l":"1936-6442","issn":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137783431","display_name":"Carolina Del-Valle-Soto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86613570","display_name":"Universidad Panamericana","ror":"https://ror.org/01n1q0h77","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Del-Valle-Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043388939","display_name":"Ramon A. Brise\u00f1o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6561-0807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86613570","display_name":"Universidad Panamericana","ror":"https://ror.org/01n1q0h77","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon A. Brise\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137751250","display_name":"Leonardo J. Valdivia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86613570","display_name":"Universidad Panamericana","ror":"https://ror.org/01n1q0h77","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo J. Valdivia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, 45010, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86613570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124720744","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Varela-Ald\u00e1s","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127378","display_name":"Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica","ror":"https://ror.org/02nn67a65","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127378"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Varela-Ald\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n MIST, Facultad de Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato, 180103, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n MIST, Facultad de Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato, 180103, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012506211","display_name":"Paolo Visconti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4058-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096856","display_name":"Innovation Engineering (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxjp357","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Visconti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856","https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124720744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127378"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94155208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.2526000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.06840000301599503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8105000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46219998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8105000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177487720","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","issn_l":"1936-6442","issn":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12083-026-02251-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177487720","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","issn_l":"1936-6442","issn":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8933851718902588,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163364237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163364237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136664535","https://openalex.org/W3198720901","https://openalex.org/W3205257742","https://openalex.org/W4205384408","https://openalex.org/W4210428848","https://openalex.org/W4307552290","https://openalex.org/W4389276142","https://openalex.org/W4402768313","https://openalex.org/W4404278989","https://openalex.org/W4404801991","https://openalex.org/W4407335713","https://openalex.org/W4408673265","https://openalex.org/W4412801859","https://openalex.org/W4416238855"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Networks":[2],"are":[3,14],"increasingly":[4],"deployed":[5],"in":[6,39,139,158],"mission-critical":[7],"scenarios":[8],"where":[9],"resilience":[10,105,150],"and":[11,27,36,55,61,77,85,103,109,115,132,143,161,167,177,191,212,216],"energy":[12,99,140,159,178],"efficiency":[13,179],"paramount.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"presents":[18],"a":[19,58,62,155,203],"hybrid":[20,116,133],"architecture":[21,173],"combining":[22],"Bluetooth":[23],"Low":[24],"Energy":[25],"(BLE)":[26],"Long":[28],"Range":[29],"(LoRa)":[30],"technologies":[31],"to":[32,165,207],"enhance":[33],"both":[34,107],"robustness":[35],"energy-aware":[37,74,213],"performance":[38,123],"adversarial":[40],"environments":[41],"characterized":[42],"by":[43],"reactive":[44,63],"jamming":[45,78],"attacks.":[46],"A":[47],"comprehensive":[48],"experimental":[49],"testbed":[50],"was":[51],"developed,":[52],"integrating":[53],"BLE":[54],"LoRa":[56],"nodes,":[57],"dual-protocol":[59],"gateway,":[60],"jammer":[64],"emulator.":[65],"We":[66],"introduce":[67],"an":[68,94],"adaptive":[69,222],"clustering":[70,166],"algorithm":[71],"that":[72],"performs":[73],"role":[75],"assignment":[76],"mitigation":[79,128,196,223],"based":[80],"on":[81,98],"signal":[82,104],"anomaly":[83],"detection":[84],"multi-metric":[86],"routing.":[87],"To":[88],"validate":[89],"its":[90],"effectiveness,":[91],"we":[92,187],"conducted":[93],"extensive":[95],"time-series":[96],"analysis":[97],"consumption,":[100,141],"retransmission":[101,162],"rates,":[102],"under":[106,125,184],"mitigated":[108],"non-mitigated":[110],"conditions":[111],"across":[112],"BLE-only,":[113],"LoRa-only,":[114],"BLE-LoRa":[117,172],"networks.":[118],"The":[119],"results":[120],"show":[121],"protocol-dependent":[122],"trade-offs":[124],"the":[126,145,152,171,195,208,218],"proposed":[127],"algorithm.":[129],"While":[130],"LoRa-only":[131],"BLE\u2013LoRa":[134],"networks":[135],"exhibit":[136],"consistent":[137],"reductions":[138],"retransmissions,":[142],"variability,":[144],"BLE-only":[146],"configuration":[147],"demonstrates":[148],"improved":[149],"at":[151],"cost":[153],"of":[154,210,220],"moderate":[156],"increase":[157],"usage":[160],"activity":[163],"due":[164],"control":[168],"overhead.":[169],"Notably,":[170],"balances":[174],"delivery":[175],"assurance":[176],"while":[180],"maintaining":[181],"communication":[182],"even":[183],"interference.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"provide":[188],"statistical":[189],"modeling":[190],"hypothesis":[192],"testing":[193],"confirming":[194],"algorithm\u2019s":[197],"significant":[198],"impact.":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"offer":[202],"critical":[204],"empirical":[205],"contribution":[206],"design":[209],"resilient":[211],"heterogeneous":[214],"WSNs":[215],"demonstrate":[217],"viability":[219],"real-time":[221],"strategies":[224],"for":[225],"emerging":[226],"smart":[227],"environments.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T06:17:00.636019","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}