{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984246341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","title":"An interdisciplinary perspective on artificial immune systems","display_name":"An interdisciplinary perspective on artificial immune systems","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984246341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","mag":"1984246341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182392644","display_name":"Evolutionary Intelligence","issn_l":"1864-5909","issn":["1864-5909","1864-5917"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080582720","display_name":"Jon Timmis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Timmis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091619219","display_name":"Pierre Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-7798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060587596","display_name":"Nick Owens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-9923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111461727","display_name":"Edward Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080582720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98932833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12856","display_name":"Transgenic Plants and Applications","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7598459720611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.6565894484519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6271842122077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6251766681671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.5397011637687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.5281738638877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.42302969098091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3747531771659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.36215174198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.359863817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.33278796076774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1288776993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07971188426017761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7598459720611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.6565894484519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6271842122077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6251766681671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.5397011637687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.5281738638877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.42302969098091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3747531771659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.36215174198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.359863817691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.33278796076774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1288776993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07971188426017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-007-0004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182392644","display_name":"Evolutionary Intelligence","issn_l":"1864-5909","issn":["1864-5909","1864-5917"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.156.5143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.5143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~jtimmis/papers/evolintel2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313042574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E053505/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3155891569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E005187/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5862820587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D501377/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29164706","https://openalex.org/W33407760","https://openalex.org/W35211068","https://openalex.org/W123038383","https://openalex.org/W1416437802","https://openalex.org/W1493220334","https://openalex.org/W1503348226","https://openalex.org/W1506714996","https://openalex.org/W1512244809","https://openalex.org/W1516855283","https://openalex.org/W1517607196","https://openalex.org/W1520938237","https://openalex.org/W1527092300","https://openalex.org/W1537814447","https://openalex.org/W1537904533","https://openalex.org/W1546332307","https://openalex.org/W1551186452","https://openalex.org/W1551657146","https://openalex.org/W1558491769","https://openalex.org/W1560962014","https://openalex.org/W1562507388","https://openalex.org/W1566766802","https://openalex.org/W1588611284","https://openalex.org/W1589797874","https://openalex.org/W1595580983","https://openalex.org/W1597546512","https://openalex.org/W1602455294","https://openalex.org/W1603799276","https://openalex.org/W1606115258","https://openalex.org/W1606804946","https://openalex.org/W1606919204","https://openalex.org/W1761168721","https://openalex.org/W1797523047","https://openalex.org/W1804670083","https://openalex.org/W1827866540","https://openalex.org/W1831560408","https://openalex.org/W1932669620","https://openalex.org/W1942111125","https://openalex.org/W1967428069","https://openalex.org/W1979132095","https://openalex.org/W1993887733","https://openalex.org/W1994103644","https://openalex.org/W1996446142","https://openalex.org/W1999033892","https://openalex.org/W2005462790","https://openalex.org/W2006668118","https://openalex.org/W2007006124","https://openalex.org/W2012017253","https://openalex.org/W2016649354","https://openalex.org/W2023461062","https://openalex.org/W2026504624","https://openalex.org/W2046530526","https://openalex.org/W2058657545","https://openalex.org/W2065329645","https://openalex.org/W2068266569","https://openalex.org/W2073598270","https://openalex.org/W2076526693","https://openalex.org/W2077861065","https://openalex.org/W2082110975","https://openalex.org/W2084006363","https://openalex.org/W2084543849","https://openalex.org/W2084604101","https://openalex.org/W2084924279","https://openalex.org/W2090706611","https://openalex.org/W2090760807","https://openalex.org/W2091392040","https://openalex.org/W2096028210","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2104498514","https://openalex.org/W2105028011","https://openalex.org/W2110796675","https://openalex.org/W2110812474","https://openalex.org/W2118599924","https://openalex.org/W2120156565","https://openalex.org/W2120820364","https://openalex.org/W2125296193","https://openalex.org/W2128308367","https://openalex.org/W2129624205","https://openalex.org/W2131890778","https://openalex.org/W2132159317","https://openalex.org/W2133490292","https://openalex.org/W2136023284","https://openalex.org/W2136626795","https://openalex.org/W2137480339","https://openalex.org/W2138027048","https://openalex.org/W2140540394","https://openalex.org/W2145736817","https://openalex.org/W2147083563","https://openalex.org/W2155418451","https://openalex.org/W2157122594","https://openalex.org/W2158500407","https://openalex.org/W2160760138","https://openalex.org/W2164934768","https://openalex.org/W2165970541","https://openalex.org/W2168707268","https://openalex.org/W2241306549","https://openalex.org/W2284263109","https://openalex.org/W2338717024","https://openalex.org/W2444336474","https://openalex.org/W2492131331","https://openalex.org/W2501927875","https://openalex.org/W2622427009","https://openalex.org/W2764334119","https://openalex.org/W3005137737","https://openalex.org/W3101641673","https://openalex.org/W3121147667","https://openalex.org/W3124662447","https://openalex.org/W4205300089","https://openalex.org/W4206256537","https://openalex.org/W4211183651","https://openalex.org/W4232872328","https://openalex.org/W4241371541","https://openalex.org/W4294553758","https://openalex.org/W4294553893","https://openalex.org/W7036332784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045155990","https://openalex.org/W4313163053","https://openalex.org/W3045811229","https://openalex.org/W4300973204","https://openalex.org/W1483408780","https://openalex.org/W4284884309","https://openalex.org/W2908749798","https://openalex.org/W2105980483","https://openalex.org/W4243842598","https://openalex.org/W1514435881"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}