{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168360205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","title":"Ghost trade-offs: negative correlations between beneficial traits may be caused by other mechanisms than trade-offs","display_name":"Ghost trade-offs: negative correlations between beneficial traits may be caused by other mechanisms than trade-offs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168360205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42455411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140761819","display_name":"Juhan Javoi\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-9666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juhan Javoi\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia. juhan.javois@ut.ee"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-9666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia. juhan.javois@ut.ee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5140761819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7478738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"145","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.20759999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.20759999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.12770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.07410000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.6155999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","score":0.44920000433921814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7242000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.6155999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988562018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Biological evolution","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988405389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987247","display_name":"Negative correlation","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.24310000240802765}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044822","descriptor_name":"Biodiversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044822","descriptor_name":"Biodiversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053476","descriptor_name":"Extinction, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053476","descriptor_name":"Extinction, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056084","descriptor_name":"Genetic Fitness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056084","descriptor_name":"Genetic Fitness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-026-00471-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42455411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42455411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41410574316978455}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2420942764","display_name":"Evolution of thermal traits in insects: a comparative-ecological approach","funder_award_id":"PRG2618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeja18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1638078919","https://openalex.org/W1981268843","https://openalex.org/W1981317288","https://openalex.org/W1982465051","https://openalex.org/W1996018742","https://openalex.org/W2010852281","https://openalex.org/W2017956639","https://openalex.org/W2021212959","https://openalex.org/W2024120506","https://openalex.org/W2025143605","https://openalex.org/W2065127848","https://openalex.org/W2066261007","https://openalex.org/W2067915795","https://openalex.org/W2070735012","https://openalex.org/W2089515676","https://openalex.org/W2092669405","https://openalex.org/W2092907861","https://openalex.org/W2106288092","https://openalex.org/W2112097992","https://openalex.org/W2116738092","https://openalex.org/W2127279885","https://openalex.org/W2135019697","https://openalex.org/W2144549988","https://openalex.org/W2153110439","https://openalex.org/W2168695318","https://openalex.org/W2174351693","https://openalex.org/W2180934884","https://openalex.org/W2254486089","https://openalex.org/W2338004145","https://openalex.org/W2791290776","https://openalex.org/W2921121381","https://openalex.org/W2962468907","https://openalex.org/W2979296823","https://openalex.org/W2979866905","https://openalex.org/W3023357219","https://openalex.org/W3167684917","https://openalex.org/W3196551203","https://openalex.org/W3213486136","https://openalex.org/W4221073740","https://openalex.org/W4236873263","https://openalex.org/W4239696741","https://openalex.org/W4243549040","https://openalex.org/W4247676724","https://openalex.org/W4297536954","https://openalex.org/W4383186831","https://openalex.org/W4390984805"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-07-16T00:00:00"}
