{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059964778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","title":"Alfred Russel Wallace\u2019s world of final causes","display_name":"Alfred Russel Wallace\u2019s world of final causes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059964778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","mag":"2059964778","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24019011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059997636","display_name":"Charles H. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-2931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","display_name":"Western Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/0446vnd56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles H. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Library Public Services, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA, charles.smith@wku.edu","Western Kentucky University,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Library Public Services, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA, charles.smith@wku.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Kentucky University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059997636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.1234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98662743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"132","issue":"4","first_page":"239","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12182","display_name":"Evolution and Science Education","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12182","display_name":"Evolution and Science Education","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.7603030204772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","score":0.7486429214477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.6006157398223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.48551201820373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-science","display_name":"History of science","score":0.4612286388874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.42273804545402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.37605640292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.35724249482154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.2888154685497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13513663411140442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7603030204772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.7486429214477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6006157398223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.48551201820373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85659524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201486","display_name":"History of science","level":2,"score":0.4612286388874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.42273804545402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.37605640292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35724249482154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.2888154685497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13513663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005197","descriptor_name":"Famous Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005197","descriptor_name":"Famous Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005197","descriptor_name":"Famous Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005844","descriptor_name":"Geology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005844","descriptor_name":"Geology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005844","descriptor_name":"Geology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-013-0191-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24019011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24019011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W354955691","https://openalex.org/W382692836","https://openalex.org/W1495756776","https://openalex.org/W1496654623","https://openalex.org/W1503763841","https://openalex.org/W1585464555","https://openalex.org/W1596555668","https://openalex.org/W2036355604","https://openalex.org/W2049599957","https://openalex.org/W2054511338","https://openalex.org/W2067567190","https://openalex.org/W2083960944","https://openalex.org/W2087069596","https://openalex.org/W2124266396","https://openalex.org/W2135712811","https://openalex.org/W2150985179","https://openalex.org/W2175943874","https://openalex.org/W2207651058","https://openalex.org/W2296104836","https://openalex.org/W2485166594","https://openalex.org/W2904756678","https://openalex.org/W4234812271","https://openalex.org/W4256414257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1981397632","https://openalex.org/W3189513834","https://openalex.org/W2095842480","https://openalex.org/W1966925947","https://openalex.org/W86939183","https://openalex.org/W4381470259","https://openalex.org/W1984517238","https://openalex.org/W2008810467"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
