{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087426434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","title":"On some historical and theoretical foundations of the concept of chordates","display_name":"On some historical and theoretical foundations of the concept of chordates","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087426434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","mag":"2087426434","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19221824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069905802","display_name":"Margherita Raineri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8722-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Raineri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. raimrg@unige.it","Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. raimrg@unige.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069905802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61479467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"128","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12213","display_name":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12213","display_name":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10268","display_name":"Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12142","display_name":"Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.8027262687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monophyly","display_name":"Monophyly","score":0.6309438943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-evolution","display_name":"Convergent evolution","score":0.6054842472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","score":0.5650681257247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.562996506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrate","display_name":"Vertebrate","score":0.5215696692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryology","display_name":"Embryology","score":0.5007305145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","score":0.4269825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoology","display_name":"Zoology","score":0.4061586260795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetics","display_name":"Phylogenetics","score":0.31459155678749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.28554022312164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.18712016940116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.144930899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clade","display_name":"Clade","score":0.08266136050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.07614195346832275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8027262687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12326286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210958","display_name":"Monophyly","level":5,"score":0.6309438943862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62142553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200312","display_name":"Convergent evolution","level":4,"score":0.6054842472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.5650681257247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.562996506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778961482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241","display_name":"Vertebrate","level":3,"score":0.5215696692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27971861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131683","display_name":"Embryology","level":2,"score":0.5007305145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4269825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4061586260795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.31459155678749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.28554022312164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.18712016940116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.144930899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.08266136050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07614195346832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005823","descriptor_name":"Genetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009024","descriptor_name":"Morphogenesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009024","descriptor_name":"Morphogenesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009024","descriptor_name":"Morphogenesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015509","descriptor_name":"Developmental Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015509","descriptor_name":"Developmental Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015509","descriptor_name":"Developmental Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043344","descriptor_name":"Chordata","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-009-0059-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19221824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19221824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/225890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/225890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W413000433","https://openalex.org/W566407040","https://openalex.org/W566419986","https://openalex.org/W584867148","https://openalex.org/W600124373","https://openalex.org/W617025017","https://openalex.org/W621116675","https://openalex.org/W652170697","https://openalex.org/W1486358519","https://openalex.org/W1497753250","https://openalex.org/W1516457339","https://openalex.org/W1523494423","https://openalex.org/W1527223464","https://openalex.org/W1537046606","https://openalex.org/W1552389035","https://openalex.org/W1575453325","https://openalex.org/W1600651929","https://openalex.org/W1868127459","https://openalex.org/W1976798874","https://openalex.org/W1978791477","https://openalex.org/W1979119502","https://openalex.org/W1992216470","https://openalex.org/W1995418425","https://openalex.org/W2009375902","https://openalex.org/W2010575193","https://openalex.org/W2041260426","https://openalex.org/W2044975562","https://openalex.org/W2058271691","https://openalex.org/W2079373155","https://openalex.org/W2080667286","https://openalex.org/W2089237750","https://openalex.org/W2091430768","https://openalex.org/W2101765024","https://openalex.org/W2102243540","https://openalex.org/W2120436461","https://openalex.org/W2126188192","https://openalex.org/W2134436946","https://openalex.org/W2138131045","https://openalex.org/W2142698995","https://openalex.org/W2159440094","https://openalex.org/W2161838556","https://openalex.org/W2161899020","https://openalex.org/W2225309729","https://openalex.org/W2271951080","https://openalex.org/W2316011957","https://openalex.org/W2475627770","https://openalex.org/W2478288707","https://openalex.org/W2485135052","https://openalex.org/W2485343961","https://openalex.org/W2496667677","https://openalex.org/W2505494553","https://openalex.org/W2572595438","https://openalex.org/W2600127858","https://openalex.org/W2604866192","https://openalex.org/W2798999423","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W3020627489","https://openalex.org/W4205534569","https://openalex.org/W4232909381","https://openalex.org/W4235257570","https://openalex.org/W4240078992","https://openalex.org/W4241311503","https://openalex.org/W4299541734","https://openalex.org/W4301175464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029091459","https://openalex.org/W2017305847","https://openalex.org/W4200199661","https://openalex.org/W2503477847","https://openalex.org/W4240112762","https://openalex.org/W2004837138","https://openalex.org/W4234908429","https://openalex.org/W2051103666","https://openalex.org/W1513052278","https://openalex.org/W2079680229"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}