{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965733350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","title":"Macroevolution via secondary endosymbiosis: a Neo-Goldschmidtian view of unicellular hopeful monsters and Darwin\u2019s primordial intermediate form","display_name":"Macroevolution via secondary endosymbiosis: a Neo-Goldschmidtian view of unicellular hopeful monsters and Darwin\u2019s primordial intermediate form","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965733350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","mag":"1965733350","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18581157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069033816","display_name":"U. Kutschera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-2180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"U. Kutschera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34109, Kassel, Germany. kut@uni-kassel.de","University of Kassel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34109, Kassel, Germany. kut@uni-kassel.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065769287","display_name":"Karl J. Niklas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3491-1286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Niklas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA","Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069033816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95901951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"3","first_page":"277","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13679","display_name":"Tardigrade Biology and Ecology","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13679","display_name":"Tardigrade Biology and Ecology","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11879","display_name":"Protist diversity and phylogeny","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endosymbiosis","display_name":"Endosymbiosis","score":0.9355417490005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.7324658632278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroevolution","display_name":"Macroevolution","score":0.659663200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darwin","display_name":"Darwin (ADL)","score":0.6161555051803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","score":0.6042605042457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.5915718674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.2795591354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.26553553342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetics","display_name":"Phylogenetics","score":0.26035016775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.184617280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.1120985746383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06385186314582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.06343811750411987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199733737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4531856","display_name":"Endosymbiosis","level":5,"score":0.9355417490005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7324658632278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44527532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722612","display_name":"Macroevolution","level":4,"score":0.659663200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206118921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5225921","display_name":"Darwin (ADL)","level":2,"score":0.6161555051803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.6042605042457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5915718674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2795591354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.26553553342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.26035016775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.184617280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.1120985746383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06385186314582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06343811750411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93829228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165963","display_name":"Plastid","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002736","descriptor_name":"Chloroplasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002736","descriptor_name":"Chloroplasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002736","descriptor_name":"Chloroplasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004141","descriptor_name":"Dinoflagellida","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004141","descriptor_name":"Dinoflagellida","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004141","descriptor_name":"Dinoflagellida","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005055","descriptor_name":"Euglena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005055","descriptor_name":"Euglena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005055","descriptor_name":"Euglena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013559","descriptor_name":"Symbiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013559","descriptor_name":"Symbiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013559","descriptor_name":"Symbiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-008-0046-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12148721","display_name":"Theory in Biosciences","issn_l":"1431-7613","issn":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in Biosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18581157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18581157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23890795","https://openalex.org/W46320342","https://openalex.org/W288427366","https://openalex.org/W299711722","https://openalex.org/W416418944","https://openalex.org/W563879091","https://openalex.org/W572565518","https://openalex.org/W630692912","https://openalex.org/W644675955","https://openalex.org/W1493396640","https://openalex.org/W1539968307","https://openalex.org/W1544335011","https://openalex.org/W1556385076","https://openalex.org/W1685633141","https://openalex.org/W1774265479","https://openalex.org/W1930635754","https://openalex.org/W1968339666","https://openalex.org/W1971574439","https://openalex.org/W1973532615","https://openalex.org/W1974102091","https://openalex.org/W1985838787","https://openalex.org/W1986159511","https://openalex.org/W1988530761","https://openalex.org/W1991174402","https://openalex.org/W1992105061","https://openalex.org/W1992992883","https://openalex.org/W1996071650","https://openalex.org/W1997111628","https://openalex.org/W2002012809","https://openalex.org/W2006385716","https://openalex.org/W2008428923","https://openalex.org/W2010336156","https://openalex.org/W2012851108","https://openalex.org/W2015246122","https://openalex.org/W2015893247","https://openalex.org/W2020524544","https://openalex.org/W2022231797","https://openalex.org/W2024459578","https://openalex.org/W2025310269","https://openalex.org/W2026391036","https://openalex.org/W2027270062","https://openalex.org/W2030804819","https://openalex.org/W2033182945","https://openalex.org/W2038062533","https://openalex.org/W2041340681","https://openalex.org/W2048854895","https://openalex.org/W2050315829","https://openalex.org/W2051809332","https://openalex.org/W2060232244","https://openalex.org/W2062114089","https://openalex.org/W2064088378","https://openalex.org/W2069386222","https://openalex.org/W2070969758","https://openalex.org/W2071674260","https://openalex.org/W2075746068","https://openalex.org/W2077278137","https://openalex.org/W2079128261","https://openalex.org/W2081205764","https://openalex.org/W2081622748","https://openalex.org/W2087552634","https://openalex.org/W2090766820","https://openalex.org/W2099274806","https://openalex.org/W2100764062","https://openalex.org/W2101343648","https://openalex.org/W2102707846","https://openalex.org/W2104061507","https://openalex.org/W2107411326","https://openalex.org/W2109409210","https://openalex.org/W2120249096","https://openalex.org/W2121219763","https://openalex.org/W2122750309","https://openalex.org/W2123437419","https://openalex.org/W2131981964","https://openalex.org/W2133465328","https://openalex.org/W2134418097","https://openalex.org/W2135384866","https://openalex.org/W2136668140","https://openalex.org/W2145913874","https://openalex.org/W2146283175","https://openalex.org/W2148039105","https://openalex.org/W2150433232","https://openalex.org/W2156588015","https://openalex.org/W2161598420","https://openalex.org/W2166959115","https://openalex.org/W2194129333","https://openalex.org/W2211496541","https://openalex.org/W2317217362","https://openalex.org/W2319502789","https://openalex.org/W2321774294","https://openalex.org/W2326942562","https://openalex.org/W2400600180","https://openalex.org/W2492891094","https://openalex.org/W2565315160","https://openalex.org/W2588032135","https://openalex.org/W2744860591","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W3140369281","https://openalex.org/W3202625044","https://openalex.org/W3214949894","https://openalex.org/W4239106849","https://openalex.org/W4244046417","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300517032","https://openalex.org/W4300925890","https://openalex.org/W4302141148","https://openalex.org/W4302350177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977243792","https://openalex.org/W4229788691","https://openalex.org/W2015315875","https://openalex.org/W1992093751","https://openalex.org/W2740918008","https://openalex.org/W433949962","https://openalex.org/W4293088693","https://openalex.org/W2147478449","https://openalex.org/W2925133334","https://openalex.org/W569591769"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
