{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133301476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","title":"A Novel Pathway for Integrating Ethics into Digital Technology Design: A Person-Centred Co-Design Approach Developed in the Context of Assistive Technologies for Older Adults","display_name":"A Novel Pathway for Integrating Ethics into Digital Technology Design: A Person-Centred Co-Design Approach Developed in the Context of Assistive Technologies for Older Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133301476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41774298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038252890","display_name":"Tania Moerenhout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tania Moerenhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioethics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Aotearoa New Zealand. tania.moerenhout@otago.ac.nz"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-5260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioethics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, Aotearoa New Zealand. tania.moerenhout@otago.ac.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000850053","display_name":"Inga Hunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inga Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Marketing, Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Marketing, Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087255620","display_name":"Angela Ballantyne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-9557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Ballantyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, Wellington, and Department of Bioethics, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-9557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Health Care & General Practice, Wellington, and Department of Bioethics, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038252890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37010676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.46950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.46950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.18160000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6137999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-technology","display_name":"Philosophy of technology","score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"Assistive technology","score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"Research ethics","score":0.4016999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6137999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151110159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279438","display_name":"Philosophy of technology","level":3,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777720028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18394118","display_name":"Responsible Research and Innovation","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21333345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843","display_name":"Health technology","level":3,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207665656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403493","display_name":"Ethics of technology","level":4,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93474598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553","display_name":"Information ethics","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910408888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical theories","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777471088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144984","display_name":"Patient advocacy","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179737136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264382","display_name":"Design technology","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41774298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41774298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13035599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035599/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Eng Ethics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-026-00584-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310371","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980259070","https://openalex.org/W2013193458","https://openalex.org/W2060527101","https://openalex.org/W2083970978","https://openalex.org/W2112157145","https://openalex.org/W2173820309","https://openalex.org/W2804614166","https://openalex.org/W2829028065","https://openalex.org/W2883014782","https://openalex.org/W2888632440","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2901669506","https://openalex.org/W2940926507","https://openalex.org/W2945020779","https://openalex.org/W2945114361","https://openalex.org/W2946188105","https://openalex.org/W2949216583","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2978159570","https://openalex.org/W2979290739","https://openalex.org/W2995809972","https://openalex.org/W2996541402","https://openalex.org/W3004304512","https://openalex.org/W3005311061","https://openalex.org/W3008652539","https://openalex.org/W3011819563","https://openalex.org/W3025469716","https://openalex.org/W3046916485","https://openalex.org/W3081288176","https://openalex.org/W3087532900","https://openalex.org/W3088914982","https://openalex.org/W3109504874","https://openalex.org/W3138408574","https://openalex.org/W3154306928","https://openalex.org/W3156405165","https://openalex.org/W3158000136","https://openalex.org/W3172563701","https://openalex.org/W3181448640","https://openalex.org/W3191037997","https://openalex.org/W3194074207","https://openalex.org/W3196774206","https://openalex.org/W3203243032","https://openalex.org/W3204364687","https://openalex.org/W3216678430","https://openalex.org/W4200372878","https://openalex.org/W4200489303","https://openalex.org/W4210739840","https://openalex.org/W4211064058","https://openalex.org/W4211093970","https://openalex.org/W4281392720","https://openalex.org/W4282926855","https://openalex.org/W4282978483","https://openalex.org/W4283589151","https://openalex.org/W4285227016","https://openalex.org/W4292066884","https://openalex.org/W4292395122","https://openalex.org/W4300961861","https://openalex.org/W4312579813","https://openalex.org/W4317377102","https://openalex.org/W4323652718","https://openalex.org/W4378470440","https://openalex.org/W4378649243","https://openalex.org/W4386930238","https://openalex.org/W4388977582","https://openalex.org/W4392839225","https://openalex.org/W4396532208","https://openalex.org/W4396985609","https://openalex.org/W4399713476","https://openalex.org/W4403704202","https://openalex.org/W4403717435","https://openalex.org/W4405759969","https://openalex.org/W4406083980","https://openalex.org/W4409163436","https://openalex.org/W4409947457","https://openalex.org/W4411101582","https://openalex.org/W4413113386"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"can":[1],"we":[2,34,67,237],"effectively":[3],"incorporate":[4],"ethical":[5,17,42,53,95,101,213,263,287,343],"considerations":[6,43,288],"into":[7,44,110,155],"technology":[8,54,111,124,161,270,284],"design?":[9],"Several":[10],"frameworks":[11],"and":[12,21,58,65,80,90,136,138,146,163,172,185,194,209,221,226,250,258,283,314,323,336,340],"evaluation":[13],"methods":[14],"focused":[15],"on":[16,62,130,207,329],"aspects":[18],"of":[19,84,121,133,158,219,229,268,342],"new":[20],"emerging":[22],"technologies":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25,116],"proposed":[26],"over":[27],"the":[28,45,119,131,224,266,292,311,317],"past":[29],"two":[30,245],"decades.":[31],"Despite":[32],"this,":[33],"still":[35],"lack":[36],"a":[37,69,261,307,326],"robust":[38,262],"pathway":[39,71,114],"for":[40,72,125,265],"integrating":[41,73,107,275],"design":[46,162,293,312],"process.":[47],"We":[48],"examine":[49],"three":[50],"existing":[51],"methods:":[52],"assessment,":[55],"value-sensitive":[56],"design,":[57],"embedded":[59,290],"ethics.":[60],"Drawing":[61],"their":[63,182],"strengths":[64],"limitations,":[66],"propose":[68,238],"novel":[70,149],"ethics":[74,241],"(PIE)":[75],"that":[76,345],"is":[77],"flexible,":[78],"multi-disciplinary,":[79],"person-centred.":[81],"It":[82],"consists":[83],"four":[85,140],"stages:":[86],"(1)":[87,306],"bringing":[88],"ethicists":[89,282,315],"designers":[91],"together;":[92],"(2)":[93,325],"identifying":[94],"tensions;":[96],"(3)":[97,337],"exploring":[98],"solutions":[99,109,199],"to":[100,179,200,274],"tensions":[102,344],"through":[103],"stakeholder":[104,330],"engagement;":[105],"(4)":[106],"identified":[108],"design.":[112],"This":[113,148],"has":[115],"developed":[117],"in":[118,181,244,347],"context":[120],"digital":[122,159,230],"assistive":[123,188,231,269],"older":[126,176],"adults\u2019":[127],"care,":[128],"building":[129],"principles":[132,253],"person-centred":[134,248],"care":[135,249],"co-design,":[137],"embeds":[139],"fundamental":[141,246],"values:":[142],"inclusivity,":[143,255],"collaboration,":[144,257],"flexibility,":[145,256],"practicality.":[147],"approach":[150,242,277],"could":[151],"also":[152],"be":[153],"expanded":[154],"other":[156],"areas":[157],"health":[160,171],"development.":[164],"The":[165],"global":[166],"aging":[167],"population":[168],"faces":[169],"significant":[170],"well-being":[173],"challenges.":[174],"Many":[175],"adults":[177],"prefer":[178],"age":[180],"own":[183],"homes":[184],"community.":[186],"Digital":[187],"technologies,":[189],"such":[190],"as":[191,298],"sensors,":[192],"wearables,":[193],"smart":[195],"devices,":[196],"offer":[197],"promising":[198],"support":[201],"independent":[202],"living":[203],"while":[204],"reducing":[205],"burdens":[206],"caregivers":[208],"healthcare":[210],"professionals.":[211],"However,":[212],"concerns\u2014including":[214],"privacy,":[215],"trust,":[216],"ageism,":[217],"loss":[218],"self-determination,":[220],"equitable":[222],"access\u2014limit":[223],"uptake":[225],"sustained":[227],"use":[228,267],"technologies.":[232],"To":[233],"address":[234],"these":[235],"challenges,":[236],"an":[239],"integrated":[240],"grounded":[243],"principles:":[247],"co-design.":[251],"These":[252],"foster":[254],"practicality,":[259],"forming":[260],"foundation":[264],"solutions.":[271],"Our":[272],"\u2018pathway":[273],"ethics\u2019":[276],"enables":[278],"structured":[279],"engagement":[280],"between":[281,310],"developers,":[285],"ensuring":[286],"are":[289],"throughout":[291,316],"process":[294],"rather":[295],"than":[296],"treated":[297],"they":[299],"occur":[300],"after":[301],"release.":[302],"Key":[303],"components":[304],"include":[305],"close":[308],"collaboration":[309],"team":[313],"project,":[318],"within":[319],"clearly":[320],"defined":[321],"terms":[322],"conditions,":[324],"strong":[327],"emphasis":[328],"involvement":[331],"across":[332],"diverse":[333],"user":[334],"groups,":[335],"proactive":[338],"identification":[339],"resolution":[341],"arise":[346],"practice.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T06:02:25.137627","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
