{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416725143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","title":"Mele\u2019s Digital Zygote: Developer Responsibility for Neural Networks","display_name":"Mele\u2019s Digital Zygote: Developer Responsibility for Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416725143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018138946","display_name":"Anders S\u00f8gaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders S\u00f8gaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-4276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106932842","display_name":"Filippos Stamatiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-8428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Filippos Stamatiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen & Department of Philosophy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. filippostam@gmail.com","Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen & Department of Philosophy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-8428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen & Department of Philosophy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. filippostam@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen & Department of Philosophy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106932842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35258181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"40","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.49709999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.49709999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.15119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.10559999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6844000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.5564000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-responsibility","display_name":"Social responsibility","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"Moral responsibility","score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-will","display_name":"Free will","score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.3666999936103821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6844000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.5564000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.541700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521304379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9476","display_name":"Free will","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129564537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460873","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","level":3,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2768000066280365}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012941","descriptor_name":"Social Responsibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012941","descriptor_name":"Social Responsibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012941","descriptor_name":"Social Responsibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012941","descriptor_name":"Social Responsibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012941","descriptor_name":"Social Responsibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015053","descriptor_name":"Zygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015053","descriptor_name":"Zygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015053","descriptor_name":"Zygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015053","descriptor_name":"Zygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015053","descriptor_name":"Zygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41296098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/2e1724c8-a24d-4818-9604-35f75ca3f4b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/2e1724c8-a24d-4818-9604-35f75ca3f4b2","pdf_url":"https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/526255333/s11948-025-00566-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"S\u00f8gaard , A & Stamatiou , F 2025 , ' Mele\u2019s Digital Zygote : Developer Responsibility for Neural Networks ' , Science and Engineering Ethics , vol. 31 , no. 6 , 40 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00566-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320945","display_name":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416725143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416725143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2140722273","https://openalex.org/W2141340914","https://openalex.org/W2145099471","https://openalex.org/W2520433315","https://openalex.org/W2616326992","https://openalex.org/W2738218048","https://openalex.org/W2779103485","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2981646383","https://openalex.org/W3040902286","https://openalex.org/W3042453695","https://openalex.org/W3122548859","https://openalex.org/W3123471082","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3173032389","https://openalex.org/W3207307222","https://openalex.org/W4232036072","https://openalex.org/W4281737697","https://openalex.org/W4282829606","https://openalex.org/W4293038545","https://openalex.org/W4300479504","https://openalex.org/W4313656863","https://openalex.org/W4368362817","https://openalex.org/W4386067679","https://openalex.org/W4399361556","https://openalex.org/W4399511410","https://openalex.org/W4402489623","https://openalex.org/W4402529713","https://openalex.org/W4403142328","https://openalex.org/W4407980320","https://openalex.org/W4411566695"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Should":[0],"developers":[1,82],"be":[2,40],"held":[3],"responsible":[4],"for":[5,147,154,185],"the":[6,37,47,53,99,115,120,134,163,181],"predictions":[7],"of":[8,97,105,123],"their":[9],"neural":[10,23,66,72,148],"networks-and":[11],"if":[12],"not,":[13],"does":[14],"that":[15,22,36,140],"introduce":[16,25],"a":[17,26,94],"responsibility":[18,27,54,87,90,95,145,152,174],"gap?":[19],"The":[20],"claim":[21],"networks":[24,73,149],"gap":[28,38,55,175,179],"has":[29],"seen":[30],"significant":[31],"pushback,":[32],"with":[33,119,162],"philosophers":[34],"arguing":[35],"can":[39,60],"bridged,":[41],"or":[42,88],"did":[43],"not":[44],"exist":[45],"in":[46,107,141,180],"first":[48,182],"place.":[49],"We":[50,125],"show":[51],"how":[52],"turns":[56],"on":[57],"whether":[58],"we":[59,76,168],"distinguish":[61],"between":[62],"foreseeable":[63],"and":[64,127,138,156],"unforeseeable":[65],"network":[67],"predictions.":[68],"Empirical":[69],"facts":[70,102],"about":[71],"tell":[74],"us":[75,161],"cannot,":[77],"which":[78,108],"seems":[79],"to":[80,83,159],"force":[81],"either":[84],"assume":[85],"full":[86],"no":[89,112,172,178],"at":[91],"all,":[92],"introducing":[93],"gap-unless,":[96],"course,":[98],"same":[100,164],"empirical":[101],"hold":[103],"true":[104],"humans,":[106,155],"case":[109],"there":[110,170],"is":[111,117,171],"gap,":[113],"but":[114,184],"trouble":[116],"simply":[118],"classical":[121],"notion":[122],"responsibility.":[124],"revisit":[126],"revise":[128],"Mele's":[129],"Zygote,":[130],"as":[131,133],"well":[132],"famous":[135],"Palsgraf":[136],"case,":[137],"argue":[139],"fact,":[142],"what":[143],"complicates":[144,151],"assignment":[146,153],"also":[150],"humans":[157],"seem":[158],"confront":[160],"all-or-nothing":[165],"dilemma.":[166],"Thus,":[167],"agree":[169],"technology-induced":[173],"(there":[176],"was":[177],"place),":[183],"slightly":[186],"different":[187],"reasons":[188],"than":[189],"our":[190],"predecessors.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}