{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414472876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","title":"Principles and Framework for the Operationalisation of Meaningful Human Control Over Autonomous Systems","display_name":"Principles and Framework for the Operationalisation of Meaningful Human Control Over Autonomous Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414472876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40991137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052655645","display_name":"Simeon C. Calvert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simeon C. Calvert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628CN, The Netherlands. s.c.calvert@tudelft.nl","Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628CN, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628CN, The Netherlands. s.c.calvert@tudelft.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628CN, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052655645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":4.0452,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94002505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"27","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.9503999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.3702000081539154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6646999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40991137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40991137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11269127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12460435","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12460435/pdf/11948_2025_Article_554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12460435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12460435/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Eng Ethics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-025-00554-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414472876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414472876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876069","https://openalex.org/W107233025","https://openalex.org/W641735795","https://openalex.org/W1497617446","https://openalex.org/W1546654781","https://openalex.org/W2028626340","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2158842434","https://openalex.org/W2475959214","https://openalex.org/W2498653310","https://openalex.org/W2554260549","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2623360248","https://openalex.org/W2727650337","https://openalex.org/W2783282453","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2806853752","https://openalex.org/W2896893468","https://openalex.org/W2904492562","https://openalex.org/W2905047243","https://openalex.org/W2910338073","https://openalex.org/W2924570939","https://openalex.org/W2963473400","https://openalex.org/W2990471853","https://openalex.org/W2992019519","https://openalex.org/W2996238829","https://openalex.org/W2999909477","https://openalex.org/W3003581437","https://openalex.org/W3011492294","https://openalex.org/W3014246070","https://openalex.org/W3039344287","https://openalex.org/W3046373979","https://openalex.org/W3047864719","https://openalex.org/W3080362542","https://openalex.org/W3083329986","https://openalex.org/W3084135104","https://openalex.org/W3129151102","https://openalex.org/W3158471737","https://openalex.org/W3158668091","https://openalex.org/W3195183188","https://openalex.org/W3207635698","https://openalex.org/W3214792265","https://openalex.org/W4232036072","https://openalex.org/W4236082062","https://openalex.org/W4250295792","https://openalex.org/W4280638645","https://openalex.org/W4292081290","https://openalex.org/W4311129238","https://openalex.org/W4320342750","https://openalex.org/W4392633894","https://openalex.org/W4400906721"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"a":[1,38,54],"plethora":[2],"of":[3,10,25,47,69,74,85,100,115,141,156,170,175],"different":[4,148,154],"seemingly":[5],"diverging":[6],"expansions":[7],"for":[8,22,27,34,41,80,112,124,182],"use":[9],"Meaningful":[11],"Human":[12],"Control":[13],"(MHC)":[14],"in":[15,50,132],"practice,":[16],"this":[17],"paper":[18],"proposes":[19],"an":[20,77,159],"alignment":[21],"the":[23,81,113,167,171,176,180],"operationalisation":[24,114],"MHC":[26,35,75,116,131,172],"autonomous":[28,48,89,160,187],"systems":[29,49,142],"by":[30],"proposing":[31],"operational":[32],"principles":[33,111,173],"and":[36,66,83,94,103,108,126,143,151,184],"introducing":[37],"generic":[39,139],"framework":[40,137,163],"its":[42],"application.":[43],"The":[44,72,135,162],"increasing":[45],"integration":[46],"various":[51,106],"domains":[52,107],"emphasises":[53],"critical":[55],"need":[56],"to":[57,61,120,129,158],"maintain":[58],"human":[59,86,93],"control":[60,87],"ensure":[62],"responsible":[63,186],"safety,":[64],"accountability,":[65],"ethical":[67],"operation":[68],"these":[70],"systems.":[71,134,188],"concept":[73,79],"offers":[76],"ideal":[78],"design":[82],"evaluation":[84],"over":[88],"systems,":[90],"while":[91],"considering":[92],"technology":[95],"capabilities.":[96],"Through":[97],"conceptual":[98],"synthesis":[99],"existing":[101],"literature":[102],"investigation":[104],"across":[105],"related":[109],"concepts,":[110],"are":[117],"set":[118],"out":[119],"provide":[121],"tangible":[122],"guidelines":[123],"researchers":[125],"practitioners":[127],"aiming":[128],"implement":[130],"their":[133,144],"proposed":[136],"dissects":[138],"components":[140],"subsystems":[145],"aligned":[146],"with":[147],"agents,":[149],"stakeholders":[150],"processes":[152],"at":[153],"levels":[155],"proximity":[157],"technology.":[161],"is":[164],"domain-agnostic,":[165],"emphasizing":[166],"universal":[168],"applicability":[169],"irrespective":[174],"technological":[177],"context,":[178],"paving":[179],"way":[181],"safer":[183],"more":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
