{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385186362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","title":"SAF: Stakeholders\u2019 Agreement on Fairness in the Practice of Machine Learning Development","display_name":"SAF: Stakeholders\u2019 Agreement on Fairness in the Practice of Machine Learning Development","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385186362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37486434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034208573","display_name":"Georgina Curto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-3131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgina Curto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA. gcurtore@nd.edu","University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-3131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA. gcurtore@nd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059834569","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Comim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-734X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio Comim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IQS School of Management, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-734X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IQS School of Management, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034208573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.1853,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82733403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.7545574903488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6325615048408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.5243456959724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.5211410522460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.5200821757316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4544617533683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44967299699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.374504029750824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.23602458834648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20502778887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.17782941460609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.12169268727302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10842534899711609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.7545574903488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6325615048408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.5243456959724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5211410522460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.5200821757316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4544617533683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44967299699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.374504029750824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23602458834648132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20502778887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.17782941460609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.12169268727302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10842534899711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012935","descriptor_name":"Social Justice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012935","descriptor_name":"Social Justice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012935","descriptor_name":"Social Justice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37486434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37486434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10366323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10366323","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10366323/pdf/11948_2023_Article_448.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Eng Ethics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-023-00448-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385186362.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W268831566","https://openalex.org/W1614442194","https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W2008216436","https://openalex.org/W2027279203","https://openalex.org/W2108221308","https://openalex.org/W2156413587","https://openalex.org/W2189934886","https://openalex.org/W2484782145","https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2554467860","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2575439561","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2805992252","https://openalex.org/W2809763535","https://openalex.org/W2809770202","https://openalex.org/W2889989236","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W2921763762","https://openalex.org/W2944988415","https://openalex.org/W2945776595","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2954275542","https://openalex.org/W2956792022","https://openalex.org/W2969884768","https://openalex.org/W2988426299","https://openalex.org/W3000603264","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3003385079","https://openalex.org/W3004304926","https://openalex.org/W3011786056","https://openalex.org/W3014011525","https://openalex.org/W3024029620","https://openalex.org/W3025361684","https://openalex.org/W3031906133","https://openalex.org/W3034344071","https://openalex.org/W3034937117","https://openalex.org/W3037831233","https://openalex.org/W3045335559","https://openalex.org/W3101206394","https://openalex.org/W3102666624","https://openalex.org/W3104119924","https://openalex.org/W3122506136","https://openalex.org/W3125627650","https://openalex.org/W3129794348","https://openalex.org/W3130337442","https://openalex.org/W3166523214","https://openalex.org/W3172642864","https://openalex.org/W3174090807","https://openalex.org/W3175297548","https://openalex.org/W3176477796","https://openalex.org/W3212259563","https://openalex.org/W3213556453","https://openalex.org/W3215475614","https://openalex.org/W4213439731","https://openalex.org/W4214916459","https://openalex.org/W4225476691","https://openalex.org/W4226089038","https://openalex.org/W4250532311","https://openalex.org/W4250798277","https://openalex.org/W4253801930","https://openalex.org/W4285192297","https://openalex.org/W4285664076","https://openalex.org/W4287388650","https://openalex.org/W4287727423","https://openalex.org/W4287890645","https://openalex.org/W4296405185","https://openalex.org/W4296978576","https://openalex.org/W4299805482","https://openalex.org/W4300517706","https://openalex.org/W4300596510","https://openalex.org/W4300696238","https://openalex.org/W6631981854","https://openalex.org/W6635632098","https://openalex.org/W6650455210","https://openalex.org/W6656248243","https://openalex.org/W6658933747","https://openalex.org/W6676616920","https://openalex.org/W6721846090","https://openalex.org/W6724650596","https://openalex.org/W6743716967","https://openalex.org/W6792091889","https://openalex.org/W6822098535","https://openalex.org/W6891575773","https://openalex.org/W6988977658","https://openalex.org/W7011547903","https://openalex.org/W7020762579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011063788","https://openalex.org/W2012842278","https://openalex.org/W4365800875","https://openalex.org/W4281737987","https://openalex.org/W2094505511","https://openalex.org/W2494342813","https://openalex.org/W2593865622","https://openalex.org/W4386449603","https://openalex.org/W3124412501","https://openalex.org/W3173771901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,46],"clarifies":[2],"why":[3],"bias":[4,71,95],"cannot":[5],"be":[6],"completely":[7],"mitigated":[8],"in":[9,44,53,92],"Machine":[10],"Learning":[11],"(ML)":[12],"and":[13,25,61,69],"proposes":[14],"an":[15,34],"end-to-end":[16],"methodology":[17],"to":[18,48,66,86,96],"translate":[19],"the":[20,28,45,54,88],"ethical":[21],"principle":[22],"of":[23,30,75,94],"justice":[24],"fairness":[26,55],"into":[27],"practice":[29],"ML":[31,59,63,76],"development":[32,64],"as":[33],"ongoing":[35],"agreement":[36],"with":[37],"stakeholders.":[38],"The":[39,79],"pro-ethical":[40],"iterative":[41],"process":[42,80],"presented":[43],"aims":[47],"challenge":[49],"asymmetric":[50],"power":[51],"dynamics":[52],"decision":[56],"making":[57],"within":[58],"design":[60],"support":[62],"teams":[65],"identify,":[67],"mitigate":[68],"monitor":[70],"at":[72],"each":[73],"step":[74],"systems":[77],"development.":[78],"also":[81],"provides":[82],"guidance":[83],"on":[84],"how":[85],"explain":[87],"always":[89],"imperfect":[90],"trade-offs":[91],"terms":[93],"users.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}