{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156749133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","title":"The Normative Orientations of Climate Scientists","display_name":"The Normative Orientations of Climate Scientists","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156749133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","mag":"2156749133","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25381220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111865503","display_name":"Dennis Bray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161503","display_name":"Coastal Impact","ror":"https://ror.org/04te82086","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161503"]}],"countries":["DE","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Bray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany. dennis.bray@hzg.de","Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany. dennis.bray@hzg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082417191","display_name":"Hans von Storch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-8069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans von Storch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthact, Institute for Coastal Research, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111865503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239","https://openalex.org/I4210161503"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.105,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91270438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"1351","last_page":"1367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14329","display_name":"Science and Climate Studies","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.8382941484451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skepticism","display_name":"Skepticism","score":0.7598845958709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-science","display_name":"Climate science","score":0.7087764739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.6142568588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universalism","display_name":"Universalism","score":0.5933810472488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5790328979492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.577580988407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.3987589478492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3941144347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3906604051589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2611926794052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.24588361382484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2200859785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.11277860403060913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.8382941484451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.7598845958709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986440788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climate science","level":3,"score":0.7087764739990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.6142568588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781061807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6843150","display_name":"Universalism","level":3,"score":0.5933810472488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5790328979492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.577580988407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3987589478492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3941144347190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3906604051589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2611926794052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.24588361382484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2200859785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.11277860403060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002980","descriptor_name":"Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002980","descriptor_name":"Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002980","descriptor_name":"Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066262","descriptor_name":"Social Norms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066262","descriptor_name":"Social Norms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066262","descriptor_name":"Social Norms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25381220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25381220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2086854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B1EA-5","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B1EA-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:Helmholtz.GKSS:32846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11948-014-9605-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402271","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum f\u00fcr Materialforschung und kustenforschung (The Helmholtz Center Geesthacht)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","host_organization_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4568051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5636871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-014-9605-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156749133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156749133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50472274","https://openalex.org/W572209099","https://openalex.org/W572265108","https://openalex.org/W747589272","https://openalex.org/W1502522668","https://openalex.org/W1642140027","https://openalex.org/W1871863168","https://openalex.org/W1899062379","https://openalex.org/W1979746235","https://openalex.org/W2003612898","https://openalex.org/W2008966430","https://openalex.org/W2014730824","https://openalex.org/W2030033265","https://openalex.org/W2047672722","https://openalex.org/W2056647894","https://openalex.org/W2080223183","https://openalex.org/W2096319265","https://openalex.org/W2104898625","https://openalex.org/W2122355533","https://openalex.org/W2123955857","https://openalex.org/W2156483418","https://openalex.org/W2161250263","https://openalex.org/W2161711498","https://openalex.org/W2166265544","https://openalex.org/W2183078422","https://openalex.org/W2288810599","https://openalex.org/W2326400185","https://openalex.org/W2327817179","https://openalex.org/W2567190193","https://openalex.org/W2584586783","https://openalex.org/W2617911634","https://openalex.org/W2903485283","https://openalex.org/W2973986433","https://openalex.org/W3123410255","https://openalex.org/W3165342360","https://openalex.org/W4211042726","https://openalex.org/W4236137205","https://openalex.org/W4244465994","https://openalex.org/W4245903413","https://openalex.org/W4251663297","https://openalex.org/W4292309245","https://openalex.org/W6651334655","https://openalex.org/W6756673026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045760167","https://openalex.org/W1989390867","https://openalex.org/W2092339688","https://openalex.org/W4233298522","https://openalex.org/W2324725355","https://openalex.org/W2331614371","https://openalex.org/W1919396155","https://openalex.org/W4224308174","https://openalex.org/W2104654264","https://openalex.org/W2929746370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1942":[1],"Robert":[2,144],"K.":[3,145],"Merton":[4],"tried":[5],"to":[6,58,91,113,121,136],"demonstrate":[7],"the":[8,11,18,27,37,47,54,69,82,98,111,115,122,125,131,137],"structure":[9],"of":[10,14,39,43,49,84,100,117,124,130,139],"normative":[12],"system":[13],"science":[15,140],"by":[16,143],"specifying":[17],"norms":[19,24,48,138],"that":[20,64],"characterized":[21],"it.":[22],"The":[23,61],"were":[25],"assigned":[26],"abbreviation":[28],"CUDOs:":[29],"Communism,":[30],"Universalism,":[31],"Disinterestedness,":[32],"and":[33,110],"Organized":[34],"skepticism.":[35],"Using":[36],"results":[38,93],"an":[40],"on-line":[41],"survey":[42],"climate":[44,55,85],"scientists":[45],"concerning":[46],"science,":[50],"this":[51],"paper":[52],"explores":[53],"scientists'":[56],"subscription":[57],"these":[59],"norms.":[60],"data":[62],"suggests":[63],"while":[65],"Merton's":[66],"CUDOs":[67],"remain":[68],"overall":[70],"guiding":[71],"moral":[72],"principles,":[73],"they":[74],"are":[75,134],"not":[76],"fully":[77],"endorsed":[78],"or":[79],"present":[80],"in":[81],"conduct":[83],"scientists:":[86],"there":[87,96,104],"is":[88,97,105],"a":[89],"tendency":[90,112],"withhold":[92],"until":[94],"publication,":[95],"intention":[99],"maintaining":[101],"property":[102],"rights,":[103],"external":[106],"influence":[107],"defining":[108],"research":[109],"assign":[114],"significance":[116],"authored":[118],"work":[119],"according":[120],"status":[123],"author":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"content":[129],"paper.":[132],"These":[133],"contrary":[135],"as":[141],"proposed":[142],"Merton.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}