{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121491785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","title":"The Problem of Many Hands: Climate Change as an Example","display_name":"The Problem of Many Hands: Climate Change as an Example","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121491785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","mag":"2121491785","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21533835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11948-011-9276-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11948-011-9276-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113618730","display_name":"Ibo van de Poel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibo van de Poel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands. I.R.vandepoel@tudelft.nl","Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands. I.R.vandepoel@tudelft.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041555957","display_name":"Jessica Nihl\u00e9n Fahlquist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-7005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["NL","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Nihl\u00e9n Fahlquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands","Philosophy, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 78B, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philosophy, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 78B, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061290782","display_name":"Neelke Doorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-579X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neelke Doorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015554178","display_name":"Sjoerd D. Zwart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sjoerd Zwart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Technical University Delft, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048029711","display_name":"Lamb\u00e8r Royakkers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-5855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamb\u00e8r Royakkers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113618730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.3323,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":183,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.7863554954528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.553279459476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.5281438827514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-responsibility","display_name":"Collective responsibility","score":0.4686388671398163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"Moral responsibility","score":0.4148316979408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3879762887954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.3342442810535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.329018771648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32608866691589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2882520258426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1913895606994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.188879132270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07349318265914917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.7863554954528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.553279459476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5281438827514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51351910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046415","display_name":"Collective responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4686388671398163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4148316979408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3879762887954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3342442810535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.329018771648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32608866691589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2882520258426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1913895606994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.188879132270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07349318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028681","descriptor_name":"Moral Obligations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028681","descriptor_name":"Moral Obligations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028681","descriptor_name":"Moral Obligations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057232","descriptor_name":"Global Warming","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057232","descriptor_name":"Global Warming","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057232","descriptor_name":"Global Warming","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11948-011-9276-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21533835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21533835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/fb476948-4a38-4b14-99e1-471af0c640c4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/fb476948-4a38-4b14-99e1-471af0c640c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poel, van de, I R, Fahlquist, J N, Doorn, N, Zwart, S D & Royakkers, L M M 2012, 'The problem of many hands : climate change as an example', Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3275719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3275719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Eng Ethics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:cb9b1243-81a2-4be1-b52d-98b1f2ac0035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb9b1243-81a2-4be1-b52d-98b1f2ac0035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/fb476948-4a38-4b14-99e1-471af0c640c4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/fb476948-4a38-4b14-99e1-471af0c640c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics, 18(1), 49 - 67. Springer","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9276-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11948-011-9276-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629491556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NWO)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121491785.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121491785.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876069","https://openalex.org/W114197999","https://openalex.org/W169476429","https://openalex.org/W185512519","https://openalex.org/W389162484","https://openalex.org/W575177362","https://openalex.org/W601860779","https://openalex.org/W1541952195","https://openalex.org/W1544005079","https://openalex.org/W1579308153","https://openalex.org/W1632653496","https://openalex.org/W1976787862","https://openalex.org/W1982651933","https://openalex.org/W2011416673","https://openalex.org/W2017558343","https://openalex.org/W2022590594","https://openalex.org/W2026434276","https://openalex.org/W2029312570","https://openalex.org/W2045326008","https://openalex.org/W2055293380","https://openalex.org/W2056477540","https://openalex.org/W2060043297","https://openalex.org/W2064585333","https://openalex.org/W2071707680","https://openalex.org/W2073020714","https://openalex.org/W2074606570","https://openalex.org/W2075066722","https://openalex.org/W2079966033","https://openalex.org/W2093543009","https://openalex.org/W2099296904","https://openalex.org/W2104279676","https://openalex.org/W2105892870","https://openalex.org/W2111733561","https://openalex.org/W2114411145","https://openalex.org/W2117966266","https://openalex.org/W2118750640","https://openalex.org/W2128567037","https://openalex.org/W2128852918","https://openalex.org/W2131664559","https://openalex.org/W2141161730","https://openalex.org/W2157555752","https://openalex.org/W2164334321","https://openalex.org/W2270772451","https://openalex.org/W2311923057","https://openalex.org/W2316197745","https://openalex.org/W2326420305","https://openalex.org/W2342553802","https://openalex.org/W2489183325","https://openalex.org/W2502643078","https://openalex.org/W2598647888","https://openalex.org/W2601198735","https://openalex.org/W3003847278","https://openalex.org/W3098156357","https://openalex.org/W3128777683","https://openalex.org/W3145461047","https://openalex.org/W4232127533","https://openalex.org/W4237034108","https://openalex.org/W4241748390","https://openalex.org/W4241758263","https://openalex.org/W4245798461","https://openalex.org/W4249580277","https://openalex.org/W4250603016","https://openalex.org/W4298089300","https://openalex.org/W6623189170","https://openalex.org/W6653213217","https://openalex.org/W6694167087","https://openalex.org/W7005672563","https://openalex.org/W7049064175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998859920","https://openalex.org/W2888753820","https://openalex.org/W4238439430","https://openalex.org/W2072751265","https://openalex.org/W1532549123","https://openalex.org/W2500180140","https://openalex.org/W2373951223","https://openalex.org/W2503418423","https://openalex.org/W4205993491","https://openalex.org/W2586552496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,35],"some":[1],"situations":[2],"in":[3,81,109,114],"which":[4],"undesirable":[5],"collective":[6],"effects":[7],"occur,":[8],"it":[9,54],"is":[10,95,106],"very":[11],"hard,":[12],"if":[13],"not":[14],"impossible,":[15],"to":[16,28,68],"hold":[17],"any":[18],"individual":[19],"reasonably":[20],"responsible.":[21],"Such":[22],"a":[23,57,79,93,122],"situation":[24],"may":[25,87],"be":[26,48,88],"referred":[27],"as":[29,63,75],"the":[30,41,70,76,82,102,117],"problem":[31,42,71],"of":[32,43,72,78,84,119],"many":[33,44,73],"hands.":[34],"this":[36],"paper":[37],"we":[38,66,98],"investigate":[39],"how":[40],"hands":[45,74],"can":[46],"best":[47],"understood":[49],"and":[50,52,129],"why,":[51],"when,":[53],"exactly":[55],"constitutes":[56],"problem.":[58],"After":[59],"analyzing":[60],"climate":[61],"change":[62],"an":[64],"example,":[65],"propose":[67],"define":[69],"occurrence":[77],"gap":[80,94],"distribution":[83],"responsibility":[85,105,120],"that":[86,126],"considered":[89],"morally":[90,96],"problematic.":[91],"Whether":[92],"problematic,":[97],"suggest,":[99],"depends":[100],"on":[101,116],"reasons":[103],"why":[104],"distributed.":[107],"This,":[108],"turn,":[110],"depends,":[111],"at":[112],"least":[113],"part,":[115],"sense":[118],"employed,":[121],"main":[123],"distinction":[124],"being":[125],"between":[127],"backward-looking":[128],"forward-looking":[130],"responsibility.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}