{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119909013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","title":"Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges","display_name":"Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119909013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","mag":"2119909013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19543814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027943191","display_name":"Nick Bostrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Bostrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy & James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, Littlegate House, Oxford OX1 1PT, UK. nick.bostrom@philosophy.ox.ac.uk","Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy & James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, Littlegate House, Oxford OX1 1PT, UK. nick.bostrom@philosophy.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023259126","display_name":"Anders Sandberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5636-5402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Sandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy & James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, Littlegate House, 16/17 St Ebbes Street, Oxford, OX1 1PT, UK","Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy & James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, Littlegate House, 16/17 St Ebbes Street, Oxford, OX1 1PT, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027943191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":731,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98739952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"311","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-enhancement","display_name":"Human enhancement","score":0.7279654741287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.716801643371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-issues","display_name":"Ethical issues","score":0.5488957166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroethics","display_name":"Neuroethics","score":0.5380866527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.5314354300498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.4595798850059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy","display_name":"Public policy","score":0.44048619270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-regulation","display_name":"Government regulation","score":0.42212772369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39435267448425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3370603322982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.196760356426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14643412828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12781664729118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1273002326488495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.11229068040847778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495354","display_name":"Human enhancement","level":2,"score":0.7279654741287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.716801643371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.5488957166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188073675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186272","display_name":"Neuroethics","level":2,"score":0.5380866527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.5314354300498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4595798850059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.44048619270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984066494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428148","display_name":"Government regulation","level":3,"score":0.42212772369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39435267448425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3370603322982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.196760356426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14643412828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12781664729118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1273002326488495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11229068040847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018697","descriptor_name":"Nootropic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018697","descriptor_name":"Nootropic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018697","descriptor_name":"Nootropic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024803","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033161","descriptor_name":"Government Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033161","descriptor_name":"Government Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033161","descriptor_name":"Government Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19543814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19543814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.4686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.4686","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nickbostrom.com/cognitive.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:416c5f35-060e-47a0-a8d4-a41ea1963b92","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:416c5f35-060e-47a0-a8d4-a41ea1963b92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:6d54c47d-8c95-4889-aa68-489c97560305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d54c47d-8c95-4889-aa68-489c97560305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1027028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2009/http://www.springerlink.com/content/120482/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:327076","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:uuid:416c5f35-060e-47a0-a8d4-a41ea1963b92","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/applied+ethics/journal/11948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":205,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10255409","https://openalex.org/W27479998","https://openalex.org/W50975988","https://openalex.org/W66447799","https://openalex.org/W106136636","https://openalex.org/W281902865","https://openalex.org/W421612684","https://openalex.org/W567863373","https://openalex.org/W603467578","https://openalex.org/W1497075294","https://openalex.org/W1524366219","https://openalex.org/W1525398651","https://openalex.org/W1527550792","https://openalex.org/W1539259921","https://openalex.org/W1539962026","https://openalex.org/W1555376862","https://openalex.org/W1564332577","https://openalex.org/W1565438915","https://openalex.org/W1575338341","https://openalex.org/W1578833384","https://openalex.org/W1591888599","https://openalex.org/W1592304224","https://openalex.org/W1593021722","https://openalex.org/W1596856174","https://openalex.org/W1605255363","https://openalex.org/W1607062307","https://openalex.org/W1645759024","https://openalex.org/W1685152655","https://openalex.org/W1817342407","https://openalex.org/W1876061808","https://openalex.org/W1912936785","https://openalex.org/W1920715936","https://openalex.org/W1948073666","https://openalex.org/W1963766877","https://openalex.org/W1964634661","https://openalex.org/W1965646109","https://openalex.org/W1966770467","https://openalex.org/W1967074507","https://openalex.org/W1968720593","https://openalex.org/W1972644898","https://openalex.org/W1972740319","https://openalex.org/W1973070322","https://openalex.org/W1975480612","https://openalex.org/W1978643681","https://openalex.org/W1982226258","https://openalex.org/W1984862623","https://openalex.org/W1987356178","https://openalex.org/W1987571446","https://openalex.org/W1988604027","https://openalex.org/W1989759553","https://openalex.org/W1991524668","https://openalex.org/W1993303421","https://openalex.org/W1993565372","https://openalex.org/W1998255534","https://openalex.org/W2000660517","https://openalex.org/W2000751528","https://openalex.org/W2005906308","https://openalex.org/W2006171178","https://openalex.org/W2010217098","https://openalex.org/W2013545397","https://openalex.org/W2017997868","https://openalex.org/W2018749775","https://openalex.org/W2019341572","https://openalex.org/W2022220012","https://openalex.org/W2024848664","https://openalex.org/W2025376150","https://openalex.org/W2026396276","https://openalex.org/W2027179538","https://openalex.org/W2028388442","https://openalex.org/W2035528574","https://openalex.org/W2036186332","https://openalex.org/W2039776799","https://openalex.org/W2041111916","https://openalex.org/W2041114254","https://openalex.org/W2041248708","https://openalex.org/W2042173452","https://openalex.org/W2043721804","https://openalex.org/W2049524944","https://openalex.org/W2049776725","https://openalex.org/W2051385899","https://openalex.org/W2052330846","https://openalex.org/W2052709241","https://openalex.org/W2055991428","https://openalex.org/W2057196462","https://openalex.org/W2057983666","https://openalex.org/W2059107764","https://openalex.org/W2063282220","https://openalex.org/W2063679076","https://openalex.org/W2066636887","https://openalex.org/W2069064271","https://openalex.org/W2069347958","https://openalex.org/W2070593108","https://openalex.org/W2071537273","https://openalex.org/W2074014630","https://openalex.org/W2077476378","https://openalex.org/W2077998383","https://openalex.org/W2079072929","https://openalex.org/W2081113831","https://openalex.org/W2081971463","https://openalex.org/W2083194463","https://openalex.org/W2087262968","https://openalex.org/W2088703870","https://openalex.org/W2089944980","https://openalex.org/W2090371520","https://openalex.org/W2093545276","https://openalex.org/W2094430640","https://openalex.org/W2094741902","https://openalex.org/W2095504054","https://openalex.org/W2095932754","https://openalex.org/W2097201141","https://openalex.org/W2097250141","https://openalex.org/W2099255657","https://openalex.org/W2099809799","https://openalex.org/W2100210120","https://openalex.org/W2100350270","https://openalex.org/W2102546791","https://openalex.org/W2108656317","https://openalex.org/W2111473954","https://openalex.org/W2114962158","https://openalex.org/W2116467526","https://openalex.org/W2117217687","https://openalex.org/W2117555599","https://openalex.org/W2118469169","https://openalex.org/W2121530901","https://openalex.org/W2122106536","https://openalex.org/W2122924890","https://openalex.org/W2123229213","https://openalex.org/W2126071985","https://openalex.org/W2127435816","https://openalex.org/W2128026023","https://openalex.org/W2129341642","https://openalex.org/W2129907591","https://openalex.org/W2131694716","https://openalex.org/W2132514839","https://openalex.org/W2132860088","https://openalex.org/W2134180298","https://openalex.org/W2134204196","https://openalex.org/W2135647421","https://openalex.org/W2136720437","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2139989336","https://openalex.org/W2141283844","https://openalex.org/W2142346934","https://openalex.org/W2142362080","https://openalex.org/W2144981148","https://openalex.org/W2145302786","https://openalex.org/W2146300668","https://openalex.org/W2146736563","https://openalex.org/W2148768030","https://openalex.org/W2150297366","https://openalex.org/W2150522466","https://openalex.org/W2152304295","https://openalex.org/W2152315848","https://openalex.org/W2153925979","https://openalex.org/W2155476557","https://openalex.org/W2156900283","https://openalex.org/W2160815877","https://openalex.org/W2160873029","https://openalex.org/W2160908594","https://openalex.org/W2161394824","https://openalex.org/W2163398210","https://openalex.org/W2163752265","https://openalex.org/W2164236284","https://openalex.org/W2167279599","https://openalex.org/W2167392247","https://openalex.org/W2168497445","https://openalex.org/W2169900084","https://openalex.org/W2171600528","https://openalex.org/W2172012432","https://openalex.org/W2172292636","https://openalex.org/W2243629635","https://openalex.org/W2279816175","https://openalex.org/W2292452794","https://openalex.org/W2313262589","https://openalex.org/W2407577763","https://openalex.org/W2413587420","https://openalex.org/W2413686404","https://openalex.org/W2418422927","https://openalex.org/W2543211009","https://openalex.org/W2894784822","https://openalex.org/W2943490242","https://openalex.org/W2952921864","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W3130224969","https://openalex.org/W3187015222","https://openalex.org/W4206250262","https://openalex.org/W4210699769","https://openalex.org/W4234590044","https://openalex.org/W4236814579","https://openalex.org/W4238532985","https://openalex.org/W4245191789","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4323966329","https://openalex.org/W6633165859","https://openalex.org/W6635495738","https://openalex.org/W6636711356","https://openalex.org/W6637307055","https://openalex.org/W6638680984","https://openalex.org/W6639985117","https://openalex.org/W6660629145","https://openalex.org/W6675099572","https://openalex.org/W6679550822","https://openalex.org/W6762723857","https://openalex.org/W6819022825","https://openalex.org/W7074251051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531241487","https://openalex.org/W2605516804","https://openalex.org/W3041222896","https://openalex.org/W3015143734","https://openalex.org/W2052867454","https://openalex.org/W2059376287","https://openalex.org/W165495241","https://openalex.org/W2007366526","https://openalex.org/W2890862716","https://openalex.org/W2982144161"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
