{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080497745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","title":"The Legacy of the Hwang Case: Research Misconduct in Biosciences","display_name":"The Legacy of the Hwang Case: Research Misconduct in Biosciences","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080497745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","mag":"2080497745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19247809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024058649","display_name":"P\u00e9ter Kakuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198945027","display_name":"Central European University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zx40v98","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198945027"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","display_name":"University of Debrecen","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf66n48","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}],"countries":["AT","HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e9ter Kakuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. kakukp@dote.hu","Central European University","University of Debrecen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. kakukp@dote.hu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central European University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198945027"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Debrecen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024058649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039","https://openalex.org/I198945027"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95790373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"545","last_page":"562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-misconduct","display_name":"Scientific misconduct","score":0.8590686321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misconduct","display_name":"Misconduct","score":0.6612402200698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-integrity","display_name":"Research integrity","score":0.6418251991271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.6360138654708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"Research ethics","score":0.599655032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5899901986122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"Bioethics","score":0.5800772309303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-integrity","display_name":"Scientific integrity","score":0.5289098024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.47175508737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-progress","display_name":"Scientific progress","score":0.41227641701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3646129369735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.28155434131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1768057942390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11420866847038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11302006244659424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95121780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428632","display_name":"Scientific misconduct","level":3,"score":0.8590686321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780587575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875295","display_name":"Misconduct","level":2,"score":0.6612402200698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994190893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91248609","display_name":"Research integrity","level":2,"score":0.6418251991271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.6360138654708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.599655032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5899901986122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.5800772309303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993209047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91248609","display_name":"Scientific integrity","level":2,"score":0.5289098024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47175508737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351730","display_name":"Scientific progress","level":2,"score":0.41227641701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3646129369735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.28155434131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1768057942390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11420866847038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11302006244659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009865","descriptor_name":"Oocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009927","descriptor_name":"Tissue and Organ Procurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012926","descriptor_name":"Social Control, Formal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012926","descriptor_name":"Social Control, Formal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012926","descriptor_name":"Social Control, Formal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9121-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19247809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19247809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ganymedesd.lib.unideb.hu:2437/97565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2437/97565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402089","display_name":"University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","host_organization_name":"University of Debrecen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"foly\u00f3iratcikk"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/515064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/515064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"328125","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579924029","https://openalex.org/W1596397105","https://openalex.org/W1627867554","https://openalex.org/W1940877621","https://openalex.org/W1984071045","https://openalex.org/W2003500257","https://openalex.org/W2015554554","https://openalex.org/W2016597804","https://openalex.org/W2021730898","https://openalex.org/W2034114740","https://openalex.org/W2034936493","https://openalex.org/W2047488200","https://openalex.org/W2062836965","https://openalex.org/W2067082345","https://openalex.org/W2069486363","https://openalex.org/W2070889570","https://openalex.org/W2086842792","https://openalex.org/W2095312096","https://openalex.org/W2097679827","https://openalex.org/W2098827191","https://openalex.org/W2114038092","https://openalex.org/W2116603681","https://openalex.org/W2155143410","https://openalex.org/W2160988041","https://openalex.org/W2324299619","https://openalex.org/W2415428467","https://openalex.org/W3003267223","https://openalex.org/W4246275300","https://openalex.org/W4248265223","https://openalex.org/W4297972066","https://openalex.org/W4300575266","https://openalex.org/W6649134822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081815667","https://openalex.org/W3102446386","https://openalex.org/W2005914062","https://openalex.org/W2943098027","https://openalex.org/W2085403017","https://openalex.org/W2011757455","https://openalex.org/W2609663275","https://openalex.org/W2773546770","https://openalex.org/W1963716121","https://openalex.org/W2046707661"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}