{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100620167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","title":"The Perverse Effects of Competition on Scientists\u2019 Work and Relationships","display_name":"The Perverse Effects of Competition on Scientists\u2019 Work and Relationships","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100620167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","mag":"2100620167","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18030595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027145135","display_name":"Melissa S. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-4967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799477901","display_name":"Minnesota Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04bhzjf61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799477901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melissa S. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. mand@umn.edu","University of\u00a0Minnesota"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. mand@umn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2799477901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of\u00a0Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015212907","display_name":"Emily A. Ronning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily A. Ronning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota, 330 Wulling Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA","University of\u00a0Minnesota"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota, 330 Wulling Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of\u00a0Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067128380","display_name":"Raymond De Vries","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond De Vries","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","(University of Michigan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077466580","display_name":"Brian C. Martinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-5595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52792670","display_name":"HealthPartners","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9ada67","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian C. Martinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55440-1524, USA","HEALTHPARTNERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55440-1524, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEALTHPARTNERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027145135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2799477901"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":391,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96587139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"437","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.8234246969223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prestige","display_name":"Prestige","score":0.6981520056724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.6739618182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.6483374238014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.46399351954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-science","display_name":"Open science","score":0.44927912950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37725698947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3744499683380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.36756664514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.33830684423446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.24260163307189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14998820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1340373158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1250394880771637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8234246969223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919978","display_name":"Prestige","level":2,"score":0.6981520056724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.6739618182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6483374238014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.46399351954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309823","display_name":"Open science","level":2,"score":0.44927912950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37725698947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3744499683380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36756664514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.33830684423446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24260163307189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14998820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1340373158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1250394880771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007400","descriptor_name":"Interprofessional Relations","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007400","descriptor_name":"Interprofessional Relations","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007400","descriptor_name":"Interprofessional Relations","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015871","descriptor_name":"Scientific Misconduct","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14881475","display_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","issn_l":"1353-3452","issn":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18030595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18030595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science and engineering ethics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/961436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+perverse+effects+of+competition+on+scientists'+work+and+relationships&title=Science+and+Engineering+Ethics+&volume=13&issue=4&date=2007-12&au=Anderson,+Melissa+S.;+Ronning,+Emily+A.;+de+Vries,+Raymond;+Martinson,+Brian+C.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:310923","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337358","display_name":"National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00190t495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5295846","https://openalex.org/W126774542","https://openalex.org/W208892671","https://openalex.org/W211517103","https://openalex.org/W406100599","https://openalex.org/W1506606612","https://openalex.org/W1507697817","https://openalex.org/W1539792857","https://openalex.org/W1572434726","https://openalex.org/W1619606141","https://openalex.org/W1642140027","https://openalex.org/W1658988635","https://openalex.org/W1974492499","https://openalex.org/W1993048188","https://openalex.org/W1997475923","https://openalex.org/W2005147451","https://openalex.org/W2013293823","https://openalex.org/W2025861260","https://openalex.org/W2028316408","https://openalex.org/W2039208842","https://openalex.org/W2043203707","https://openalex.org/W2046707661","https://openalex.org/W2046958704","https://openalex.org/W2075241824","https://openalex.org/W2076098167","https://openalex.org/W2076421069","https://openalex.org/W2076727281","https://openalex.org/W2086842792","https://openalex.org/W2087685293","https://openalex.org/W2118544008","https://openalex.org/W2119601247","https://openalex.org/W2123955857","https://openalex.org/W2137636222","https://openalex.org/W2329738111","https://openalex.org/W2334709571","https://openalex.org/W2334963766","https://openalex.org/W2410334438","https://openalex.org/W2413585270","https://openalex.org/W2512280180","https://openalex.org/W2584586783","https://openalex.org/W2617911634","https://openalex.org/W2796533004","https://openalex.org/W4211042726","https://openalex.org/W4230212609","https://openalex.org/W4236137205","https://openalex.org/W4251651179","https://openalex.org/W4301513762","https://openalex.org/W4302180038","https://openalex.org/W6603238402","https://openalex.org/W6629819698","https://openalex.org/W6630485834","https://openalex.org/W6983329747","https://openalex.org/W6987047345","https://openalex.org/W7009246734","https://openalex.org/W7082742763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000180009","https://openalex.org/W4206817137","https://openalex.org/W2382603448","https://openalex.org/W2978273625","https://openalex.org/W2370250130","https://openalex.org/W2995742296","https://openalex.org/W2388819925","https://openalex.org/W2372329102","https://openalex.org/W2079321564","https://openalex.org/W2391827392"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}