{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923644550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","title":"Automatic optic disk detection and segmentation by variational active contour estimation in retinal fundus images","display_name":"Automatic optic disk detection and segmentation by variational active contour estimation in retinal fundus images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923644550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","mag":"2923644550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156904493","display_name":"Signal Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1863-1703","issn":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Signal, Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Automatic_optic_disk_detection_and_segmentation_by_variational_active_contour_estimation_in_retinal_fundus_images/20680753","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014712593","display_name":"Syed S. Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-3538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed S. Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-3538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038383687","display_name":"Nayab Fatima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayab Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055990973","display_name":"Tariq M. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-1591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq M. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091147672","display_name":"Zaka Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaka Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061553714","display_name":"M. Aurangzeb Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Aurangzeb Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014712593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91949058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1191","last_page":"1198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7346221804618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6216564178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5716732144355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5569180846214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5552265644073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.5524371266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5250672698020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48351576924324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.47203293442726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.4553627371788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4428388476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4294697940349579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.26942116022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2568947970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25403210520744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.1755940020084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12046638131141663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7346221804618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6216564178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5716732144355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5569180846214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5552265644073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.5524371266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5250672698020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48351576924324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.47203293442726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.4553627371788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4428388476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4294697940349579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26942116022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2568947970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25403210520744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.1755940020084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12046638131141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01463-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156904493","display_name":"Signal Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1863-1703","issn":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Signal, Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30146633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20680753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Automatic_optic_disk_detection_and_segmentation_by_variational_active_contour_estimation_in_retinal_fundus_images/20680753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20680753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Automatic_optic_disk_detection_and_segmentation_by_variational_active_contour_estimation_in_retinal_fundus_images/20680753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1868104444","https://openalex.org/W1963703376","https://openalex.org/W1972612668","https://openalex.org/W1992086640","https://openalex.org/W2038137113","https://openalex.org/W2047531344","https://openalex.org/W2054928682","https://openalex.org/W2104324599","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2118726633","https://openalex.org/W2135914471","https://openalex.org/W2138480916","https://openalex.org/W2140072113","https://openalex.org/W2159676396","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2169428761","https://openalex.org/W2169736040","https://openalex.org/W2170203892","https://openalex.org/W2177654152","https://openalex.org/W2347185285","https://openalex.org/W2467473805","https://openalex.org/W2491820422","https://openalex.org/W2554946065","https://openalex.org/W2562612605","https://openalex.org/W2587958241","https://openalex.org/W2608631252","https://openalex.org/W2617945389","https://openalex.org/W2724534590","https://openalex.org/W2734062957","https://openalex.org/W2756892287","https://openalex.org/W2782364420","https://openalex.org/W2794329395","https://openalex.org/W2806352495","https://openalex.org/W2894526615","https://openalex.org/W3021015827","https://openalex.org/W3101507774","https://openalex.org/W3157981520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W186124986","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369","https://openalex.org/W3081392993","https://openalex.org/W2413307231"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}