{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148386266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","title":"Estimation-based ant colony optimization and local search for the probabilistic traveling salesman problem","display_name":"Estimation-based ant colony optimization and local search for the probabilistic traveling salesman problem","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148386266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","mag":"2148386266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120411249","display_name":"Swarm Intelligence","issn_l":"1935-3812","issn":["1935-3812","1935-3820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Swarm Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068721920","display_name":"Prasanna Balaprakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0292-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prasanna Balaprakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061782786","display_name":"Mauro Birattari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-2194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Birattari","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074791154","display_name":"Thomas St\u00fctzle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas St\u00fctzle","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649438","display_name":"Yuan Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024091899","display_name":"Marco Dorigo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dorigo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068721920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97546162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"223","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.8663905262947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.8481050729751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremal-optimization","display_name":"Extremal optimization","score":0.6954060792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6890956163406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6151406764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6111104488372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6096900701522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5283414125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization","display_name":"Meta-optimization","score":0.5049880146980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.491356760263443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-metaheuristic","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","score":0.419768750667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26793402433395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23308029770851135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.8663905262947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.8481050729751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188919014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422296","display_name":"Extremal optimization","level":4,"score":0.6954060792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6890956163406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151406764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6111104488372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6096900701522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5283414125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.5049880146980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.491356760263443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28767586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","level":4,"score":0.419768750667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26793402433395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23308029770851135}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-009-0031-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120411249","display_name":"Swarm Intelligence","issn_l":"1935-3812","issn":["1935-3812","1935-3820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Swarm Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.145.8106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.145.8106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/IridiaTrSeries/IridiaTr2008-020r001.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.158.5361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.158.5361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~mbiro/paperi/BalBirStu-etal2009si.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/69543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/69543/1/69543.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Swarm Intelligence, 3 (3","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/71850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/71850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170314049","https://openalex.org/W201413359","https://openalex.org/W561517177","https://openalex.org/W1500165591","https://openalex.org/W1504954800","https://openalex.org/W1533179050","https://openalex.org/W1541294765","https://openalex.org/W1557288165","https://openalex.org/W1572925266","https://openalex.org/W1573676079","https://openalex.org/W1575155528","https://openalex.org/W1578699850","https://openalex.org/W1591939288","https://openalex.org/W1659703095","https://openalex.org/W1664011265","https://openalex.org/W1750249149","https://openalex.org/W1801849579","https://openalex.org/W1813153225","https://openalex.org/W1879570979","https://openalex.org/W1996908848","https://openalex.org/W1998707332","https://openalex.org/W2017066479","https://openalex.org/W2027954882","https://openalex.org/W2044009541","https://openalex.org/W2085495522","https://openalex.org/W2102076751","https://openalex.org/W2106371135","https://openalex.org/W2112046698","https://openalex.org/W2121081550","https://openalex.org/W2126554879","https://openalex.org/W2148127689","https://openalex.org/W2148386266","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2171591902","https://openalex.org/W2318802957","https://openalex.org/W2612169040","https://openalex.org/W2971188044","https://openalex.org/W4229881848","https://openalex.org/W4251464645","https://openalex.org/W4292408555","https://openalex.org/W4300005723","https://openalex.org/W4300944962","https://openalex.org/W6629892665","https://openalex.org/W6631984995","https://openalex.org/W7071641563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146364482","https://openalex.org/W1604040598","https://openalex.org/W4385871958","https://openalex.org/W1566884787","https://openalex.org/W2107631366","https://openalex.org/W1540230954","https://openalex.org/W2142510419","https://openalex.org/W3156879250","https://openalex.org/W1840889999","https://openalex.org/W1652433636"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}