{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2605542441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","title":"Primitives towards verifiable computation: a survey","display_name":"Primitives towards verifiable computation: a survey","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2605542441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","mag":"2605542441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231404","display_name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","issn_l":"2095-2228","issn":["2095-2228","2095-2236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311889","host_organization_name":"Higher Education Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Higher Education Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870712","display_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-7452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736219","display_name":"Licheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083588975","display_name":"Haibo Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336868","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-7296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052677801","display_name":"Hussain Dawood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Dawood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47050, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47050, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026837722","display_name":"Manzoor Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-9845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manzoor Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Internet & Communication Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Internet & Communication Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071134614","display_name":"Yixian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100736219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7990289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"451","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8728042244911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7741638422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7241240739822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"Interactivity","score":0.6634471416473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5593753457069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.547427237033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5211422443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4801689684391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.43251463770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1501004695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1468823254108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13951873779296875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8728042244911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7741638422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7241240739822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144430266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839721","display_name":"Interactivity","level":2,"score":0.6634471416473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5593753457069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.547427237033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5211422443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4801689684391022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.43251463770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1501004695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1468823254108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13951873779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-016-6148-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231404","display_name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","issn_l":"2095-2228","issn":["2095-2228","2095-2236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311889","host_organization_name":"Higher Education Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Higher Education Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W24999078","https://openalex.org/W32654648","https://openalex.org/W37483258","https://openalex.org/W70331077","https://openalex.org/W112550803","https://openalex.org/W143108255","https://openalex.org/W162787226","https://openalex.org/W167928972","https://openalex.org/W174039250","https://openalex.org/W175430765","https://openalex.org/W199266244","https://openalex.org/W231770548","https://openalex.org/W950690059","https://openalex.org/W1424543055","https://openalex.org/W1498316612","https://openalex.org/W1498538758","https://openalex.org/W1502416796","https://openalex.org/W1522239458","https://openalex.org/W1531368347","https://openalex.org/W1538332662","https://openalex.org/W1538440442","https://openalex.org/W1539572409","https://openalex.org/W1557386445","https://openalex.org/W1563556756","https://openalex.org/W1569885018","https://openalex.org/W1582705293","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1590713339","https://openalex.org/W1597020313","https://openalex.org/W1829921177","https://openalex.org/W1885731734","https://openalex.org/W1930567086","https://openalex.org/W1956848448","https://openalex.org/W1963094505","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1970808997","https://openalex.org/W1979215153","https://openalex.org/W1980516015","https://openalex.org/W1982971905","https://openalex.org/W1984685443","https://openalex.org/W1984976620","https://openalex.org/W1987928383","https://openalex.org/W1996888795","https://openalex.org/W2002919335","https://openalex.org/W2003373949","https://openalex.org/W2011112377","https://openalex.org/W2019578639","https://openalex.org/W2034219630","https://openalex.org/W2038517014","https://openalex.org/W2041068798","https://openalex.org/W2044772384","https://openalex.org/W2049982182","https://openalex.org/W2053086236","https://openalex.org/W2065207200","https://openalex.org/W2066159756","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2068257558","https://openalex.org/W2071520502","https://openalex.org/W2079493184","https://openalex.org/W2079913403","https://openalex.org/W2080288192","https://openalex.org/W2080578129","https://openalex.org/W2081058418","https://openalex.org/W2082647621","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2096390054","https://openalex.org/W2097206148","https://openalex.org/W2098843110","https://openalex.org/W2101687784","https://openalex.org/W2103363198","https://openalex.org/W2104948281","https://openalex.org/W2114486350","https://openalex.org/W2116653107","https://openalex.org/W2127125497","https://openalex.org/W2129716265","https://openalex.org/W2131187646","https://openalex.org/W2135952940","https://openalex.org/W2136936712","https://openalex.org/W2137467444","https://openalex.org/W2138001464","https://openalex.org/W2138736975","https://openalex.org/W2139829638","https://openalex.org/W2141815340","https://openalex.org/W2142863519","https://openalex.org/W2144238522","https://openalex.org/W2148352980","https://openalex.org/W2151715405","https://openalex.org/W2156708311","https://openalex.org/W2162159216","https://openalex.org/W2166618966","https://openalex.org/W2166670067","https://openalex.org/W2169657197","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2188776605","https://openalex.org/W2192481898","https://openalex.org/W2239212099","https://openalex.org/W2252150191","https://openalex.org/W2263396941","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2293985183","https://openalex.org/W2293988196","https://openalex.org/W2294853303","https://openalex.org/W2304212389","https://openalex.org/W2395700548","https://openalex.org/W2407977113","https://openalex.org/W2486352377","https://openalex.org/W2490409088","https://openalex.org/W2529173666","https://openalex.org/W2551013918","https://openalex.org/W2570928944","https://openalex.org/W2912251853","https://openalex.org/W2912272112","https://openalex.org/W2912568927","https://openalex.org/W2914494418","https://openalex.org/W2914525031","https://openalex.org/W2914676137","https://openalex.org/W2950148516","https://openalex.org/W2953038637","https://openalex.org/W2963893667","https://openalex.org/W2964279767","https://openalex.org/W3010548695","https://openalex.org/W3029485071","https://openalex.org/W4205948809","https://openalex.org/W4229972391","https://openalex.org/W4230665353","https://openalex.org/W4237850333","https://openalex.org/W4245266864","https://openalex.org/W4249102037","https://openalex.org/W4250445866","https://openalex.org/W4254022886","https://openalex.org/W4254620533","https://openalex.org/W4256317935","https://openalex.org/W4290757805","https://openalex.org/W4297927038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319020389","https://openalex.org/W2001821990","https://openalex.org/W2272707781","https://openalex.org/W2747851897","https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W1975913006","https://openalex.org/W1513662110","https://openalex.org/W2063506784","https://openalex.org/W4240086805"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}