{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179452200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","title":"A fingerprint of a heterogeneous data set","display_name":"A fingerprint of a heterogeneous data set","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179452200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","mag":"3179452200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175730","display_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","issn_l":"1862-5347","issn":["1862-5347","1862-5355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020667058","display_name":"Matteo Spallanzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-4214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Spallanzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement Informationstechnologie und Elektrotechnik, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Departement Informationstechnologie und Elektrotechnik, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-4214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement Informationstechnologie und Elektrotechnik, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement Informationstechnologie und Elektrotechnik, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089622164","display_name":"Gueorgui Mihaylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188950975","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xsqw823","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gueorgui Mihaylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK","GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GS, UK","Department of Mathematics, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London, UK","GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024279313","display_name":"Marco Prato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Prato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 213/B, 41125, Modena, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 213/B, 41125, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060236063","display_name":"Roberto Fontana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Fontana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-4887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020667058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07121794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"617","last_page":"657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10908","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.8547084927558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7597466111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6916061639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6176756620407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5708638429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5614414215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5521039366722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48965317010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.45183005928993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-data","display_name":"Real world data","score":0.41305214166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2536639869213104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.06157234311103821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.8547084927558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7597466111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6916061639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6176756620407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5708638429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5614414215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5521039366722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48965317010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.45183005928993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020493868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55631277","display_name":"Real world data","level":2,"score":0.41305214166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2536639869213104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.06157234311103821}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175730","display_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","issn_l":"1862-5347","issn":["1862-5347","1862-5355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:advdac:v:16:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s11634-021-00452-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1246415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1246415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/493885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/493885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 16 (3)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000493885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11634-021-00452-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175730","display_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","issn_l":"1862-5347","issn":["1862-5347","1862-5355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723255008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"783190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7478102334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FAR 2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311022","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emila"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311022","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emila","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311030","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica \"Francesco Severi\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx64p53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324041","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334045","display_name":"Gruppo Nazionale per le Strutture Algebriche, Geometriche e le loro Applicazioni","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334079","display_name":"Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179452200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179452200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1512234690","https://openalex.org/W1515955560","https://openalex.org/W1540596182","https://openalex.org/W1554926161","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1990643970","https://openalex.org/W2038937869","https://openalex.org/W2050243593","https://openalex.org/W2083620785","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2104471998","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2124537004","https://openalex.org/W2129476886","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2150062669","https://openalex.org/W2166045895","https://openalex.org/W2216706082","https://openalex.org/W2490800645","https://openalex.org/W2795739367","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4292890447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921036759","https://openalex.org/W3158004940","https://openalex.org/W2001652754","https://openalex.org/W2549006548","https://openalex.org/W4214932115","https://openalex.org/W2389470892","https://openalex.org/W2807311372","https://openalex.org/W3043252291","https://openalex.org/W2946195287","https://openalex.org/W3179452200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,53],"this":[2,54],"paper,":[3],"we":[4],"describe":[5],"the":[6,39,57,62,70,85,94,100,104,122,127],"fingerprint":[7,79],"method,":[8],"a":[9,23,32,48,89],"technique":[10],"to":[11,21,61,83,111,116],"classify":[12],"bags":[13],"of":[14,35,51,88],"mixed-type":[15],"measurements.":[16],"The":[17,78],"method":[18,80],"was":[19],"designed":[20,82],"solve":[22],"real-world":[24],"industrial":[25,28,124],"problem:":[26],"classifying":[27],"plants":[29],"(individuals":[30,46],"at":[31,47],"higher":[33],"level":[34,50],"organisation)":[36],"starting":[37],"from":[38,42],"measurements":[40,64],"collected":[41],"their":[43],"production":[44],"lines":[45],"lower":[49],"organisation).":[52],"specific":[55],"application,":[56],"categorical":[58],"information":[59],"attached":[60],"numerical":[63],"induced":[65],"simple":[66],"mixture-like":[67],"structures":[68],"on":[69],"global":[71],"multivariate":[72],"distributions":[73],"associated":[74,98],"with":[75,93,99],"different":[76,101],"classes.":[77],"is":[81],"compare":[84],"mixture":[86,96],"components":[87,97],"given":[90],"test":[91],"bag":[92],"corresponding":[95],"classes,":[102],"identifying":[103],"most":[105],"similar":[106],"generating":[107],"distribution.":[108],"When":[109],"compared":[110],"other":[112],"classification":[113],"algorithms":[114],"applied":[115],"several":[117],"synthetic":[118],"data":[119,125],"sets":[120],"and":[121],"original":[123],"set,":[126],"proposed":[128],"classifier":[129],"showed":[130],"remarkable":[131],"improvements":[132],"in":[133],"performance.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}