{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998082509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","title":"Effective and Robust Detection of Adversarial Examples via Benford-Fourier Coefficients","display_name":"Effective and Robust Detection of Adversarial Examples via Benford-Fourier Coefficients","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998082509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","mag":"2998082509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224602","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research","issn_l":"2731-538X","issn":["2731-538X","2731-5398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Intelligence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05552","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101950904","display_name":"Chengcheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-3960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Cheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068027800","display_name":"Baoyuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-5990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bao-Yuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China","Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, 518172, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064391513","display_name":"Yanbo Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-485X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Bo Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419834","display_name":"Yong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634421","display_name":"Zhifeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent Inc., Shenzhen, 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068027800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70190548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"666","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.679282546043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.5116341710090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-series","display_name":"Fourier series","score":0.4592035412788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4533124268054962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benfords-law","display_name":"Benford's law","score":0.4233977198600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3939541280269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28207606077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2679542601108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12334826588630676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.679282546043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5116341710090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207864730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179467","display_name":"Fourier series","level":2,"score":0.4592035412788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4533124268054962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152636012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817168","display_name":"Benford's law","level":2,"score":0.4233977198600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3939541280269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28207606077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2679542601108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12334826588630676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-022-1328-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224602","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research","issn_l":"2731-538X","issn":["2731-538X","2731-5398"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Intelligence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.05552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05552","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.05552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05552","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663415130","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1972495287","https://openalex.org/W1983489542","https://openalex.org/W2003158159","https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2037095848","https://openalex.org/W2052199757","https://openalex.org/W2055603434","https://openalex.org/W2056871913","https://openalex.org/W2102397036","https://openalex.org/W2104462292","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2170413022","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2460937040","https://openalex.org/W2561975083","https://openalex.org/W2590523583","https://openalex.org/W2593892853","https://openalex.org/W2594867206","https://openalex.org/W2606529538","https://openalex.org/W2611576673","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2783692467","https://openalex.org/W2787496614","https://openalex.org/W2867167548","https://openalex.org/W2890038638","https://openalex.org/W2913468054","https://openalex.org/W2914897181","https://openalex.org/W2963158386","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963539306","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2971180473","https://openalex.org/W2980829995","https://openalex.org/W3113221786","https://openalex.org/W3166902147","https://openalex.org/W3169054875","https://openalex.org/W3170571056","https://openalex.org/W3186860856","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W6733645847","https://openalex.org/W6734483310","https://openalex.org/W6734787559","https://openalex.org/W6736296761","https://openalex.org/W6747749088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734415684","https://openalex.org/W2165048824","https://openalex.org/W1980147927","https://openalex.org/W3186068795","https://openalex.org/W3124667545","https://openalex.org/W4212843477","https://openalex.org/W2254161145","https://openalex.org/W2094657987","https://openalex.org/W2122827492","https://openalex.org/W2320412982"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
