{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074699430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","title":"A biased random-key genetic algorithm for road congestion minimization","display_name":"A biased random-key genetic algorithm for road congestion minimization","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074699430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","mag":"2074699430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12647387","display_name":"Optimization Letters","issn_l":"1862-4472","issn":["1862-4472","1862-4480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optimization Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085771550","display_name":"Luciana S. Buriol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-5732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luciana S. Buriol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil","Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil","[Instituto de Informatica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Instituto de Informatica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081794087","display_name":"Michael J. Hirsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Hirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon Company, 300 Sentinel Drive, Annapolis Junction, MD, 20701, USA","Raytheon Company, Annapolis Junction, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon Company, 300 Sentinel Drive, Annapolis Junction, MD, 20701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon Company, Annapolis Junction, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050062467","display_name":"P\u00e3nos M. Pardalos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-8053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panos M. Pardalos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, 303 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, 303 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025121388","display_name":"Tania Querido","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141060","display_name":"Community Options (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nk31t13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141060"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tania Querido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linear Options Consulting, 7450 SW 86th Way, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA","Linear Options Consulting, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linear Options Consulting, 7450 SW 86th Way, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linear Options Consulting, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029261812","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio G. C. Resende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-6207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio G. C. Resende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithms and Optimization Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, 180 Park Avenue, Room C241, Florham Park, NJ, 07932, USA","Algorithms and Optimization Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, USA","Algorithms and Optimization Research Department,  AT&T Labs Research,  Florham Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Optimization Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, 180 Park Avenue, Room C241, Florham Park, NJ, 07932, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Optimization Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithms and Optimization Research Department,  AT&T Labs Research,  Florham Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086717490","display_name":"Marcus Ritt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-1634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Ritt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil","Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil","[Instituto de Informatica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gon\u00e7alves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Instituto de Informatica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025121388","https://openalex.org/A5029261812","https://openalex.org/A5050062467","https://openalex.org/A5081794087","https://openalex.org/A5085771550","https://openalex.org/A5086717490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587","https://openalex.org/I130442723","https://openalex.org/I1306686416","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4210141060"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96860457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"619","last_page":"633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll","display_name":"Toll","score":0.8850545883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512648105621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7379453182220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5613265633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5370776653289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.5174187421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48731932044029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47551852464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.45931556820869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-theory","display_name":"Transportation theory","score":0.45755186676979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-network","display_name":"Flow network","score":0.44656825065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4465475082397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33782854676246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17028865218162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11745166778564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10354027152061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10244473814964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07601991295814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.07587021589279175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.8850545883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512648105621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7379453182220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5613265633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5370776653289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.5174187421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48731932044029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47551852464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45931556820869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31829261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929885","display_name":"Transportation theory","level":2,"score":0.45755186676979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.44656825065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4465475082397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33782854676246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17028865218162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11745166778564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10354027152061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10244473814964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07601991295814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.07587021589279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-010-0226-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12647387","display_name":"Optimization Letters","issn_l":"1862-4472","issn":["1862-4472","1862-4480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optimization Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.375.149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.375.149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.research.att.com/~mgcr/doc/brkga-tollbooth.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152632708","https://openalex.org/W1509050436","https://openalex.org/W1544383214","https://openalex.org/W1563674946","https://openalex.org/W1565111024","https://openalex.org/W1603205161","https://openalex.org/W1974835443","https://openalex.org/W1977545325","https://openalex.org/W1977961552","https://openalex.org/W1999527816","https://openalex.org/W2003912133","https://openalex.org/W2010113720","https://openalex.org/W2015176887","https://openalex.org/W2047565057","https://openalex.org/W2048523876","https://openalex.org/W2063896698","https://openalex.org/W2071902824","https://openalex.org/W2151094870","https://openalex.org/W2153386665","https://openalex.org/W2168079536","https://openalex.org/W2186037780","https://openalex.org/W4251801412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2925782432","https://openalex.org/W2278302102","https://openalex.org/W2087962169","https://openalex.org/W2351723118","https://openalex.org/W1561045713","https://openalex.org/W2392507953","https://openalex.org/W2372917735","https://openalex.org/W2103510479","https://openalex.org/W2775835424","https://openalex.org/W775001140"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
