{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151055281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4","title":"LD2Net: real-time lightweight fluorosis grading with depthwise separable convolution and dual-axis attentional intelligence","display_name":"LD2Net: real-time lightweight fluorosis grading with depthwise separable convolution and dual-axis attentional intelligence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151055281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133061868","display_name":"Minghan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133017656","display_name":"Yun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133038810","display_name":"Zhihao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121541343","display_name":"Chengdong Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengdong Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133017656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93417362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2361000031232834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2361000031232834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1843000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.06069999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.32820001244544983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-026-01874-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5119464993476868}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1519234329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62266011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3045452007","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3127751679","https://openalex.org/W3133542152","https://openalex.org/W3202406646","https://openalex.org/W4223614263","https://openalex.org/W4293677254","https://openalex.org/W4317423443","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4387199878","https://openalex.org/W4387211790","https://openalex.org/W4387889559","https://openalex.org/W4389221690","https://openalex.org/W4390475169","https://openalex.org/W4390813359","https://openalex.org/W4393010079","https://openalex.org/W4396581755","https://openalex.org/W4399278670","https://openalex.org/W4402727538","https://openalex.org/W4404212754","https://openalex.org/W4405092793","https://openalex.org/W4411073819","https://openalex.org/W4413147258","https://openalex.org/W4413196195","https://openalex.org/W4415796307"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-08T06:01:36.053099","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}