{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408338610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","title":"FPGA implementation of double-head SalsaNext: a CNN-based model for LiDAR point cloud segmentation","display_name":"FPGA implementation of double-head SalsaNext: a CNN-based model for LiDAR point cloud segmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408338610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099051768","display_name":"Muhammed Yasin Adiyaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2400-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Yasin Adiyaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2400-9897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041703213","display_name":"Fa\u00edk Ba\u015fkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faik Baskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099051768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.7294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81540897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.726128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6779545545578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6773270964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6633395552635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6538265943527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.5732181668281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4833652377128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4777109622955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46508851647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43308377265930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3638843894004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.29419398307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.22898554801940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1859320104122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06928345561027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06749024987220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06534618139266968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.726128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6779545545578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6773270964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6633395552635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6538265943527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5732181668281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4833652377128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4777109622955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46508851647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43308377265930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3638843894004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.29419398307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.22898554801940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1859320104122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06928345561027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06749024987220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06534618139266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11554-025-01643-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408338610.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2284198383","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2795587607","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W3003437478","https://openalex.org/W3012200103","https://openalex.org/W3090190135","https://openalex.org/W3093434340","https://openalex.org/W3120926185","https://openalex.org/W3177015573","https://openalex.org/W4200539392","https://openalex.org/W4313173148","https://openalex.org/W4386071758","https://openalex.org/W4390871794","https://openalex.org/W4390872801","https://openalex.org/W4399066829","https://openalex.org/W4402667891","https://openalex.org/W4403006880","https://openalex.org/W6600007113","https://openalex.org/W6600020652","https://openalex.org/W6601867051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,93],"study":[2],"details":[3],"the":[4,25,66,73,79,112,136,157,164,167,171],"adaptation":[5],"and":[6,27,63,68,107,152,163],"deployment":[7,129],"of":[8,16,138,159,166,170],"a":[9,86],"customized":[10],"SalsaNext":[11,52],"model":[12,74,95,173],"for":[13,40,91,141],"semantic":[14,144],"segmentation":[15,43],"LiDAR":[17],"point":[18],"clouds":[19],"on":[20,65,111,130,174],"edge":[21],"devices,":[22],"benchmarked":[23],"using":[24],"SemanticKITTI":[26,69],"Waymo":[28,67],"Open":[29],"datasets.":[30,70],"We":[31],"introduce":[32],"an":[33],"innovative":[34],"multi-dataset":[35],"training":[36,62,161],"framework":[37],"designed":[38],"specifically":[39],"range":[41],"image-based":[42],"models.":[44],"Central":[45],"to":[46,59,82,99],"this":[47,131],"approach":[48],"is":[49,75,96],"our":[50,160],"double-head":[51,172],"model,":[53],"which":[54],"features":[55],"two":[56],"output":[57],"heads":[58],"facilitate":[60],"simultaneous":[61],"inference":[64],"Following":[71],"training,":[72],"streamlined":[76],"by":[77],"removing":[78],"head":[80],"dedicated":[81],"Waymo,":[83],"resulting":[84],"in":[85,149],"compact,":[87],"single-headed":[88],"version":[89],"optimized":[90,168],"SemanticKITTI.":[92],"simplified":[94],"then":[97],"quantized":[98],"employ":[100],"fixed-point":[101],"arithmetic,":[102],"significantly":[103],"enhancing":[104],"computational":[105],"efficiency":[106],"enabling":[108],"real-time":[109],"operation":[110],"Xilinx":[113],"Kria":[114],"KV260":[115],"board.":[116],"The":[117],"quantization":[118],"process":[119],"markedly":[120],"reduces":[121],"resource":[122],"consumption":[123],"while":[124],"preserving":[125],"competitive":[126],"accuracy.":[127],"Our":[128],"low-power,":[132],"FPGA-based":[133],"platform":[134],"underscores":[135],"potential":[137],"energy-efficient":[139],"systems":[140,151],"advanced":[142],"3D":[143],"segmentation,":[145],"with":[146],"promising":[147],"applications":[148],"autonomous":[150],"robotics.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"validate":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"schema":[162],"success":[165],"implementation":[169],"resource-constrained":[175],"hardware.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
