{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2666116143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","title":"Suitability of GPUs for real-time control of large astronomical adaptive optics instruments","display_name":"Suitability of GPUs for real-time control of large astronomical adaptive optics instruments","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2666116143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","mag":"2666116143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11554-017-0702-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11554-017-0702-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022010168","display_name":"Urban Bitenc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-9272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Urban Bitenc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-9272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020688992","display_name":"Alastair Basden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0904-7097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alastair G. Basden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091737188","display_name":"N. A. Dipper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel A. Dipper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107896590","display_name":"Richard M. Myers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022010168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5599543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"743","last_page":"751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6998140811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6825830340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5519947409629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5318142175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5199722051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millisecond","display_name":"Millisecond","score":0.49846529960632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.4981701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4645499885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.4164971709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3601008951663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35023233294487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3485676050186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1824926733970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.14585494995117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1396966278553009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6998140811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6825830340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5519947409629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5318142175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5199722051620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60327585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723733","display_name":"Millisecond","level":2,"score":0.49846529960632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.4981701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4645499885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4164971709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3601008951663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35023233294487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3485676050186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1824926733970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.14585494995117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1396966278553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11554-017-0702-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:22165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/22165/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of real-time image processing, 2018, Vol.14(4), pp.743-751 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1376230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1376230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-017-0702-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11554-017-0702-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051105809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-EU.1.2.2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3050355085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ST/L00075X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4485524034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-FETHPC-2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4837070759","display_name":"Durham Astronomy Consolidated Grant 2014-2017","funder_award_id":"ST/L00075X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5513864029","display_name":"Green Flash, energy efficient high performance computing for real-time science","funder_award_id":"671662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5751130023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ST/L00075X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7372452226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"671662 (Green Flash)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2666116143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2666116143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1934316919","https://openalex.org/W1997271404","https://openalex.org/W2038120138","https://openalex.org/W2041389148","https://openalex.org/W2054276375","https://openalex.org/W2069785689","https://openalex.org/W2070120724","https://openalex.org/W2108582230","https://openalex.org/W2118428441","https://openalex.org/W2169544053","https://openalex.org/W2294791901","https://openalex.org/W3031304218","https://openalex.org/W3103817477","https://openalex.org/W3106116524","https://openalex.org/W4253742600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W2058044441","https://openalex.org/W3117675750","https://openalex.org/W4307608563","https://openalex.org/W4367050365","https://openalex.org/W3143109941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adaptive":[0],"optics":[1],"(AO)":[2],"is":[3,85,90,107,126,182,191,218],"a":[4,14,35,42,49,117,127,170,215,245,258],"technique":[5],"for":[6,16,72,198],"correcting":[7],"aberrations":[8],"introduced":[9],"when":[10],"light":[11,19],"propagates":[12],"through":[13,23],"medium,":[15],"example,":[17],"the":[18,24,39,55,60,69,73,77,88,93,110,113,178,196,199,207],"from":[20],"stars":[21],"propagating":[22],"turbulent":[25],"atmosphere.":[26],"The":[27,104,120,163,210,238],"components":[28],"of":[29,79,123,148,154,172,177,189,206,248],"an":[30],"AO":[31,74],"instrument":[32],"are:":[33],"(1)":[34],"camera":[36,56],"to":[37,45,108,112,194,227],"record":[38],"aberrations,":[40],"(2)":[41],"corrective":[43,61,200],"mechanism":[44,62],"correct":[46],"them,":[47],"(3)":[48],"real-time":[50],"controller":[51],"(RTC)":[52],"that":[53,87,129],"processes":[54],"images":[57,111,164],"and":[58,140,167,253],"steers":[59],"on":[63,184,214],"milliseconds":[64],"timescales.":[65],"We":[66],"have":[67],"accelerated":[68],"image":[70,89,146],"processing":[71,81,180,211,241],"RTC":[75],"with":[76,116],"use":[78,234],"graphics":[80],"units":[82],"(GPUs).":[83],"It":[84],"crucial":[86],"processed":[91],"before":[92],"atmospheric":[94],"turbulence":[95],"has":[96,244],"changed,":[97],"i.e.,":[98],"in":[99,161,240,257],"one":[100,255],"or":[101],"two":[102,235],"milliseconds.":[103],"main":[105],"task":[106],"transfer":[109],"GPU":[114,217],"memory":[115],"minimum":[118],"delay.":[119],"key":[121],"result":[122],"this":[124,130,185],"paper":[125],"demonstration":[128],"can":[131],"be":[132],"done":[133],"fast":[134],"enough":[135],"using":[136],"commercial":[137],"frame":[138],"grabbers":[139],"standard":[141],"CUDA":[142],"tools.":[143],"Our":[144],"benchmarking":[145],"consists":[147],"$$1.6":[149],"\\times":[150,157],"10^6$$":[151,158],"pixels":[152],"out":[153],"which":[155,202],"$$1.2":[156],"are":[159,165],"used":[160,193],"processing.":[162],"characterized":[166],"reduced":[168],"into":[169],"set":[171,188],"9248":[173],"numbers;":[174],"about":[175,204,219,254],"one-third":[176],"total":[179,208],"time":[181,242],"spent":[183],"characterization.":[186],"This":[187,225],"numbers":[190],"then":[192],"calculate":[195],"commands":[197],"system,":[201],"takes":[203],"two-third":[205],"time.":[209],"rate":[212],"achieved":[213],"single":[216],"700":[220],"frames":[221],"per":[222],"second":[223],"(fps).":[224],"increases":[226],"1100":[228],"fps":[229],"(1565":[230],"fps)":[231],"if":[232],"we":[233],"(four)":[236],"GPUs.":[237],"variation":[239],"(jitter)":[243],"root-mean-square":[246],"value":[247],"20\u201330":[249],"$$\\upmu":[250],"$$":[251],"s":[252],"outlier":[256],"million":[259],"cycles.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-06-30T00:00:00"}