{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965689118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","title":"Improved number plate character segmentation algorithm and its efficient FPGA implementation","display_name":"Improved number plate character segmentation algorithm and its efficient FPGA implementation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965689118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","mag":"1965689118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042584242","display_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041045029","display_name":"Fay\u00e7al Bensaali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faycal Bensaali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042584242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92798389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.9023839235305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.744973361492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7387093901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6238706707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.6115004420280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5578179955482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5288116931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5035333037376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.48638203740119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4794294238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46700534224510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.43915629386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37101268768310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3548464775085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1847994029521942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11708304286003113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.9023839235305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.744973361492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7387093901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6238706707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.6115004420280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5578179955482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5288116931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5035333037376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.48638203740119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4794294238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46700534224510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.43915629386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39387398958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37101268768310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3548464775085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1847994029521942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11708304286003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-012-0258-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11282291","display_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","issn_l":"1861-8200","issn":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:derby.openrepository.com:10545/583878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10545/583878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402138","display_name":"University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I22128151","host_organization_name":"University of Derby","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/15521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639801547","https://openalex.org/W1527290828","https://openalex.org/W1845329067","https://openalex.org/W2030326191","https://openalex.org/W2035791039","https://openalex.org/W2082625988","https://openalex.org/W2107179811","https://openalex.org/W2115639406","https://openalex.org/W2119560898","https://openalex.org/W2128955993","https://openalex.org/W2135449683","https://openalex.org/W2138049212","https://openalex.org/W2138863718","https://openalex.org/W2139993441","https://openalex.org/W2140511609","https://openalex.org/W2144860924","https://openalex.org/W2149291069","https://openalex.org/W2149470434","https://openalex.org/W2169320691","https://openalex.org/W2392813094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2005437358","https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W2008656436","https://openalex.org/W2134924024","https://openalex.org/W2023558673","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2740820121"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}