{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160168057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","title":"Token-based fidelity scoring for trustworthy vision transformer interpretations in medical imaging","display_name":"Token-based fidelity scoring for trustworthy vision transformer interpretations in medical imaging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160168057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42082837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008707729","display_name":"Utku \u00d6zbulak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-6034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132857","display_name":"Ghent University Global Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/041bygf77","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}],"countries":["BE","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Utku Ozbulak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr","Computational Data Sciences Department, George Mason University Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr","IDLab, ELIS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-6034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Data Sciences Department, George Mason University Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, ELIS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. utku.ozbulak@ghent.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008856968","display_name":"Solha Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132857","display_name":"Ghent University Global Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/041bygf77","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}],"countries":["BE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solha Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135278053","display_name":"Wesley De Neve","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132857","display_name":"Ghent University Global Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/041bygf77","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}],"countries":["BE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wesley De Neve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","IDLab, ELIS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, ELIS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012688473","display_name":"Joris Vankerschaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-5659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132857","display_name":"Ghent University Global Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/041bygf77","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}],"countries":["BE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joris Vankerschaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008707729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51656546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1141","last_page":"1149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.07850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.07850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.05009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.6485000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fidelity","display_name":"High fidelity","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4562000036239624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6769000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.6485000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982822547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Medical treatment","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020535179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554101","display_name":"Medical device","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-026-03676-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42082837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42082837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01KRB5EV0NNZ1ZDK4WR7J95WP3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KRB5EV0NNZ1ZDK4WR7J95WP3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1861-6429","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W3044711955","https://openalex.org/W3139434170","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3206734547","https://openalex.org/W3211317523","https://openalex.org/W4214636423","https://openalex.org/W4285601701","https://openalex.org/W4306790271","https://openalex.org/W4309630525","https://openalex.org/W4312530435","https://openalex.org/W4312872526","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4327919044","https://openalex.org/W4376631151","https://openalex.org/W4386076562","https://openalex.org/W4390190626","https://openalex.org/W4403658199","https://openalex.org/W4406482682"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}