{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413924829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","title":"A robust sampling technique for realistic distribution simulation in federated learning","display_name":"A robust sampling technique for realistic distribution simulation in federated learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413924829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119516699","display_name":"Robin Hoepp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151799","display_name":"Siemens Healthcare (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054962n91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robin Hoepp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany. robin.hoepp@fau.de","Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany. robin.hoepp@fau.de","Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3786-7516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany. robin.hoepp@fau.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany. robin.hoepp@fau.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009266943","display_name":"Leonhard Rist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-3774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonhard Rist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-3774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029055548","display_name":"Alexander Katzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Katzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raghavan Ashok","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghavan Ashok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Healthineers, Technology Excellence, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Healthineers, Technology Excellence, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002552627","display_name":"Andreas Wimmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-4391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Wimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064451296","display_name":"Michael S\u00fchling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-3759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153902","display_name":"Siemens Healthineers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449c4c15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S\u00fchling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-3759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619735","display_name":"Andreas Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-5284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-5284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119516699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210151799","https://openalex.org/I4210153902"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11306935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"495","last_page":"506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5289999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5289999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.08699999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.039500001817941666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7694617509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6388543844223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6089213490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5292142033576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5268888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5070114135742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4964314103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-distribution","display_name":"Sampling distribution","score":0.4402737319469452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3946155309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24791914224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12337601184844971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7694617509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6388543844223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6089213490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5292142033576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5268888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5070114135742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4964314103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167723999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773214","display_name":"Sampling distribution","level":2,"score":0.4402737319469452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3946155309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24791914224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12337601184844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40892192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:open.fau.de:openfau/39391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://open.fau.de/handle/openfau/39391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055110","display_name":"OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13035883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13035883/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-025-03504-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320873","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413924829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413924829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2611347580","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3091404410","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3196371845","https://openalex.org/W4229029907","https://openalex.org/W4289933621","https://openalex.org/W4313524863","https://openalex.org/W4385270518","https://openalex.org/W4385987583","https://openalex.org/W4386076042","https://openalex.org/W4387211693","https://openalex.org/W4391875868","https://openalex.org/W4392487628","https://openalex.org/W4403069604","https://openalex.org/W4405754769","https://openalex.org/W4407691275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W129898351","https://openalex.org/W4383227007","https://openalex.org/W2068369387","https://openalex.org/W3128679398","https://openalex.org/W4245258405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Federated":[1,49,158],"Learning":[2,50],"helps":[3],"training":[4,163,196],"deep":[5],"learning":[6],"networks":[7],"with":[8,141,242],"diverse":[9],"data":[10,68,135,153,166,207],"from":[11,77],"different":[12,29],"locations,":[13],"particularly":[14],"in":[15,101,128,197],"restricted":[16],"clinical":[17,130],"settings.":[18],"However,":[19],"label":[20,58,96,190,240],"distributions":[21,97,120,208],"overlapping":[22],"only":[23],"partially":[24],"across":[25],"clients,":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,66,71,93,118,160,224,236],"demographics,":[30],"may":[31],"significantly":[32],"harm":[33,194],"the":[34,56,87,162,184,195,225],"global":[35,80,185],"training,":[36],"and":[37,74,89,114,125,156,177,229,232],"thus":[38],"local":[39],"model":[40,150],"performance.":[41],"Investigating":[42],"such":[43],"effects":[44],"before":[45],"rolling":[46],"out":[47],"large-scale":[48],"setups":[51],"requires":[52],"proper":[53],"sampling":[54,64,144,202],"of":[55,164,172,217],"expected":[57],"distributions.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"We":[61,146],"present":[62],"a":[63,107,129,133,139,148,169,198],"algorithm":[65,203],"build":[67],"subsets":[69],"according":[70,117],"desired":[72],"mean":[73],"standard":[75],"deviations":[76],"an":[78,102,211],"initial":[79],"distribution.":[81],"To":[82],"this":[83,218],"end,":[84],"we":[85,111],"incorporate":[86],"chi-squared":[88],"Gini":[90],"impurity":[91],"measures":[92],"numerically":[94],"optimize":[95],"for":[98,121,154,204,214],"multiple":[99],"groups":[100,116],"efficient":[103,212],"fashion.":[104],"RESULTS:":[105],"Using":[106],"real-world":[108],"application":[109],"scenario,":[110],"sample":[112],"train":[113,147],"test":[115],"region-specific":[119],"3D":[122],"camera-based":[123],"weight":[124,176],"height":[126,181],"estimation":[127],"context,":[131],"comparing":[132],"hard":[134],"split":[136],"serving":[137],"as":[138],"baseline":[140,149],"our":[142,165],"proposed":[143],"technique.":[145],"on":[151,175,180],"all":[152],"comparison":[155],"use":[157],"Averaging":[159],"combine":[161],"subsets,":[167],"demonstrating":[168],"realistic":[170,206],"deterioration":[171],"25.3":[173],"%":[174,179],"28.7":[178],"estimations":[182],"by":[183],"model.":[186],"CONCLUSIONS:":[187],"Realistically":[188],"client-biased":[189],"distribution":[191],"can":[192,233],"notably":[193],"federated":[199],"context.":[200],"Our":[201],"simulating":[205],"opens":[209],"up":[210],"way":[213],"prior":[215],"analysis":[216],"effect.":[219],"The":[220],"technique":[221],"is":[222],"agnostic":[223],"chosen":[226],"network":[227],"architecture":[228],"target":[230],"scenario":[231],"be":[234],"adapted":[235],"any":[237],"feature":[238],"or":[239],"problem":[241],"non-IID":[243],"subpopulations.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
