{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400907453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","title":"Improving lung nodule segmentation in thoracic CT scans through the ensemble of 3D U-Net models","display_name":"Improving lung nodule segmentation in thoracic CT scans through the ensemble of 3D U-Net models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400907453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39044036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086000763","display_name":"Himanshu Rikhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Rikhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019728393","display_name":"Esha Baidya Kayal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-826X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esha Baidya Kayal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004315286","display_name":"Shuvadeep Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuvadeep Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109693502","display_name":"Archana Sasi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archana Sasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086263420","display_name":"Swetambri Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swetambri Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113324765","display_name":"Ajith Antony","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajith Antony","raw_affiliation_strings":["All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045649684","display_name":"Krithika Rangarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-6390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krithika Rangarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000530935","display_name":"Sameer Bakhshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer Bakhshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081790723","display_name":"Devasenathipathy Kandasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devasenathipathy Kandasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008382038","display_name":"Amit Mehndiratta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Mehndiratta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India. amit.mehndiratta@keble.oxon.org","Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India. amit.mehndiratta@keble.oxon.org"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India. amit.mehndiratta@keble.oxon.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India. amit.mehndiratta@keble.oxon.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086000763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9664402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"2089","last_page":"2099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5454121828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.5347926020622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5175608992576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.486083060503006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4643652141094208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.41807660460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4071391224861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13502398133277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08543762564659119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5454121828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5347926020622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5175608992576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.486083060503006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4643652141094208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41807660460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4071391224861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13502398133277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08543762564659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03222-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39044036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39044036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366668750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI-Adhoc/06/2022-AI Cell","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320720","funder_display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320720","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017255108","https://openalex.org/W2101610532","https://openalex.org/W2121203541","https://openalex.org/W2126848165","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2229307753","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2584017349","https://openalex.org/W2613041730","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2747530723","https://openalex.org/W2752238301","https://openalex.org/W2912989244","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963459241","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3003511227","https://openalex.org/W3094774173","https://openalex.org/W3101394124","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3186077304","https://openalex.org/W3194441438","https://openalex.org/W3204177259","https://openalex.org/W3212760103","https://openalex.org/W4210352025","https://openalex.org/W4213124056","https://openalex.org/W4292296585","https://openalex.org/W4385968743","https://openalex.org/W4386022925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964806738","https://openalex.org/W4243779904","https://openalex.org/W2332066440","https://openalex.org/W4377691549","https://openalex.org/W2056973590","https://openalex.org/W3164196203","https://openalex.org/W2475288000","https://openalex.org/W2318014384","https://openalex.org/W2965938661","https://openalex.org/W2428333999"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}