{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220729875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","title":"Reducing prediction volatility in the surgical workflow recognition of endoscopic pituitary surgery","display_name":"Reducing prediction volatility in the surgical workflow recognition of endoscopic pituitary surgery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220729875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35362848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041912825","display_name":"Adrito Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrito Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom. adrito.das.20@ucl.ac.uk","Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-9545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom. adrito.das.20@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071609030","display_name":"Sophia Bano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-4565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Bano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068825369","display_name":"Francisco Vasconcelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-1177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Vasconcelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002717050","display_name":"Danyal Z. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyal Z. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom","Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076899222","display_name":"Hani J. Marcus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-392X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani J Marcus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom","Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077630267","display_name":"Danail Stoyanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danail Stoyanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041912825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"fwci":3.4296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9285006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1445","last_page":"1452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.6891787648200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6329364776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.552669882774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5151966214179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4549337327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4173600673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3268160820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1280229687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10310718417167664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.6891787648200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6329364776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.552669882774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5151966214179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4549337327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4173600673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3268160820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1280229687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10310718417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35362848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35362848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10147982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10147982/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery       (2022)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9307536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9307536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-022-02599-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320193412","display_name":"Robotic Assisted Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1737217355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2436284696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P027938/1, EP/R004080/1, EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4869842313","display_name":"Multispectral polarization-resolved endoscopy and vision for intraoperative imaging of tissue microstructure and function","funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5045553067","display_name":"Ultra-low-cost endoscopy for gastric cancer screening in rural China","funder_award_id":"EP/P027938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G506443965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACF-2021-18-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5935547209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"203145/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330765","funder_display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923427940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8138810298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCCPDB-Nov21\\100007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","funder_display_name":"Cancer Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G868016207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"203145/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","display_name":"Cancer Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/054225q67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330765","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220729875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220729875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016545368","https://openalex.org/W2266464013","https://openalex.org/W2777273430","https://openalex.org/W2884036902","https://openalex.org/W2979797179","https://openalex.org/W3092562667","https://openalex.org/W3100964249","https://openalex.org/W3121789984","https://openalex.org/W3160614854","https://openalex.org/W3182907440","https://openalex.org/W3205544108","https://openalex.org/W3208370483","https://openalex.org/W3212407416","https://openalex.org/W4225760208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383807498","https://openalex.org/W1978572805","https://openalex.org/W1989941125","https://openalex.org/W1997992934","https://openalex.org/W1987225439","https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2149980199","https://openalex.org/W2964988449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Workflow":[1],"recognition":[2],"can":[3],"aid":[4],"surgeons":[5],"before":[6],"an":[7,16,25,115],"operation":[8,17,26,31],"when":[9],"used":[10],"as":[11,114,123,128],"a":[12,124,129,160,190],"training":[13],"tool,":[14],"during":[15],"by":[18],"increasing":[19],"operating":[20],"room":[21],"efficiency,":[22],"and":[23,70,91,133,152,196,216,233,257],"after":[24,165],"in":[27,213,218,230,235],"the":[28,75,85,89,101,148,153,178,181,197,242,249],"completion":[29],"of":[30,74,88,180],"notes.":[32],"Although":[33],"several":[34],"methods":[35,186,251],"have":[36,43],"been":[37,44],"applied":[38,176],"to":[39,68,79,177,253],"this":[40],"task,":[41],"they":[42],"tested":[45],"on":[46,189],"few":[47],"surgical":[48,59],"datasets.":[49],"Therefore,":[50],"their":[51,94],"generalisability":[52],"is":[53,105,120,162,201,209],"not":[54,262],"well":[55],"tested,":[56],"particularly":[57],"for":[58,96,131,169],"approaches":[60],"utilising":[61],"smaller":[62],"working":[63],"spaces":[64],"which":[65,83],"are":[66,138,174,187],"susceptible":[67],"occlusion":[69],"necessitate":[71],"frequent":[72],"withdrawal":[73],"endoscope.":[76],"This":[77],"leads":[78],"rapidly":[80],"changing":[81],"predictions,":[82,151],"reduces":[84,264],"clinical":[86,97],"confidence":[87],"methods,":[90,109],"hence":[92],"limits":[93],"suitability":[95],"translation.":[98],"METHODS:":[99],"Firstly,":[100],"optimal":[102,182,207],"neural":[103],"network":[104],"found":[106],"using":[107,110,193],"established":[108,250],"endoscopic":[111,254],"pituitary":[112,255],"surgery":[113],"exemplar.":[116],"Then,":[117],"prediction":[118,243,265],"volatility":[119],"formally":[121],"defined":[122],"new":[125],"evaluation":[126,199],"metric":[127,200],"proxy":[130],"uncertainty,":[132],"two":[134],"temporal":[135,260],"smoothing":[136,223,261],"functions":[137,173],"created.":[139],"The":[140,185,206,246],"first":[141],"(modal,":[142],"[Formula:":[143,156],"see":[144,157,203],"text])":[145,158],"mode-averages":[146],"over":[147],"previous":[149],"n":[150,170],"second":[154],"(threshold,":[155],"ensures":[159],"class":[161],"only":[163,263],"changed":[164],"being":[166],"continuously":[167],"predicted":[168],"predictions.":[171],"Both":[172],"independently":[175],"predictions":[179],"network.":[183],"RESULTS:":[184],"evaluated":[188],"50-video":[191],"dataset":[192],"fivefold":[194],"cross-validation,":[195],"optimised":[198],"weighted-[Formula:":[202],"text]":[204],"score.":[205],"model":[208],"ResNet-50+LSTM":[210],"achieving":[211,228],"0.84":[212],"3-phase":[214,231],"classification":[215],"0.74":[217],"7-step":[219,236],"classification.":[220],"Applying":[221],"threshold":[222],"further":[224],"improves":[225,269],"these":[226],"results,":[227],"0.86":[229],"classification,":[232,237],"0.75":[234],"while":[238],"also":[239],"drastically":[240],"reducing":[241],"volatility.":[244],"CONCLUSION:":[245],"results":[247],"confirm":[248],"generalise":[252],"surgery,":[256],"show":[258],"simple":[259],"volatility,":[266],"but":[267],"actively":[268],"performance.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}