{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174105206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","title":"Automating Periodontal bone loss measurement via dental landmark localisation","display_name":"Automating Periodontal bone loss measurement via dental landmark localisation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174105206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","mag":"3174105206","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34152567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066361874","display_name":"Raymond P. Danks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond P. Danks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK. raymond.danks.19@ucl.ac.uk","Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-7917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK. raymond.danks.19@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071609030","display_name":"Sophia Bano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-4565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Bano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074308","display_name":"Anastasiya Orishko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157535","display_name":"Eastman Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055jskg35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210157535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasiya Orishko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157535","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011469398","display_name":"Hong Jin Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157535","display_name":"Eastman Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055jskg35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210157535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Jin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157535","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016425265","display_name":"Federico Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-8315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157535","display_name":"Eastman Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055jskg35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210157535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Moreno Sancho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157535","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020594534","display_name":"Francesco D\u2019Aiuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8654-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157535","display_name":"Eastman Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/055jskg35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210157535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco D\u2019Aiuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157535","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077630267","display_name":"Danail Stoyanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danail Stoyanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066361874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"fwci":13.892,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99476797,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1189","last_page":"1199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9240999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9240999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.04560000076889992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.803608238697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.7631214261054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6525020003318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontitis","display_name":"Periodontitis","score":0.5275418758392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dentistry","display_name":"Dentistry","score":0.49450942873954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.4196193814277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30542394518852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2722111940383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2440565526485443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.803608238697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.7631214261054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6525020003318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.5275418758392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.49450942873954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4196193814277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30542394518852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2722111940383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2440565526485443}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010518","descriptor_name":"Periodontitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010518","descriptor_name":"Periodontitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010518","descriptor_name":"Periodontitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016301","descriptor_name":"Alveolar Bone Loss","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016301","descriptor_name":"Alveolar Bone Loss","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016301","descriptor_name":"Alveolar Bone Loss","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34152567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34152567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10129936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10129936/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery , 16    pp. 1189-1199.   (2021)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8260405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8260405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02431-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320193412","display_name":"Robotic Assisted Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1677518145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"203145Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","funder_display_name":"University College London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1737217355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2436284696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P027938/1, EP/R004080/1, EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4869842313","display_name":"Multispectral polarization-resolved endoscopy and vision for intraoperative imaging of tissue microstructure and function","funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5045553067","display_name":"Ultra-low-cost endoscopy for gastric cancer screening in rural China","funder_award_id":"EP/P027938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6816316802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT101957","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","funder_display_name":"Wellcome"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923427940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G985999274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"203145Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330765","funder_display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","display_name":"Wellcome","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317153","display_name":"DeepMind","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330765","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174105206.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174105206.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2048153483","https://openalex.org/W2051928158","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2105918136","https://openalex.org/W2147331510","https://openalex.org/W2149513106","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2606491090","https://openalex.org/W2694415809","https://openalex.org/W2739935065","https://openalex.org/W2770121394","https://openalex.org/W2809048536","https://openalex.org/W2809600325","https://openalex.org/W2885647100","https://openalex.org/W2895435696","https://openalex.org/W2909240409","https://openalex.org/W2909968085","https://openalex.org/W2920073091","https://openalex.org/W2920320441","https://openalex.org/W2944223741","https://openalex.org/W2951985572","https://openalex.org/W2963399829","https://openalex.org/W2981630388","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2993685826","https://openalex.org/W3004227146","https://openalex.org/W3022243115","https://openalex.org/W3036957116","https://openalex.org/W3042211652","https://openalex.org/W3080812418","https://openalex.org/W3101577715","https://openalex.org/W3109338612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W4243161226","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W1968481813","https://openalex.org/W2392886708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Periodontitis":[1],"is":[2,15],"the":[3,24,54,61,105,112,127,133,181,196,252,257],"sixth":[4],"most":[5],"prevalent":[6],"disease":[7,57,108],"worldwide":[8],"and":[9,21,27,46,65,95,107,148,152,167,170,231],"periodontal":[10,71,233],"bone":[11,43,50,234],"loss":[12,44,51,235],"(PBL)":[13],"detection":[14],"crucial":[16],"for":[17,263],"its":[18,264],"early":[19,49,68],"recognition":[20],"establishment":[22],"of":[23,56,63,70,121,164,174,193,207],"correct":[25],"diagnosis":[26],"prognosis.":[28],"Current":[29],"radiographic":[30,39],"assessment":[31,40],"by":[32,185],"clinicians":[33],"exhibits":[34],"substantial":[35],"interobserver":[36,212],"variation.":[37],"Computer-assisted":[38],"can":[41,59],"calculate":[42],"objectively":[45],"aid":[47],"in":[48,92,266],"detection.":[52],"Understanding":[53],"rate":[55],"progression":[58],"guide":[60],"choice":[62],"treatment":[64],"lead":[66],"to":[67,88,189,228,254],"initiation":[69],"therapy.":[72],"METHODOLOGY:":[73],"We":[74,102,115,131],"propose":[75],"an":[76],"end-to-end":[77],"system":[78,135,223],"that":[79,125,215,246],"includes":[80],"a":[81,118,171,203,225],"deep":[82],"neural":[83],"network":[84],"with":[85,202,243],"hourglass":[86],"architecture":[87,184],"predict":[89],"dental":[90],"landmarks":[91,230,250],"single,":[93,150],"double":[94,151],"triple":[96,153],"rooted":[97,154],"teeth":[98],"using":[99,111,136],"periapical":[100,237],"radiographs.":[101,238],"then":[103],"estimate":[104,232],"PBL":[106,198],"severity":[109,204],"stage":[110,205],"predicted":[113],"landmarks.":[114],"also":[116],"introduce":[117],"novel":[119],"adaptation":[120],"MixUp":[122],"data":[123,217],"augmentation":[124],"improves":[126],"landmark":[128,157],"localisation.":[129],"RESULTS:":[130],"evaluate":[132],"proposed":[134],"cross-validation":[137],"on":[138,236],"340":[139],"radiographs":[140],"from":[141],"63":[142],"patient":[143],"cases":[144],"containing":[145],"463,":[146],"115":[147],"56":[149],"teeth.":[155],"The":[156,222],"localisation":[158],"achieved":[159],"Percentage":[160],"Correct":[161],"Keypoints":[162],"(PCK)":[163],"88.9%,":[165],"73.9%":[166],"74.4%,":[168],"respectively,":[169],"combined":[172],"PCK":[173],"83.3%":[175],"across":[176],"all":[177],"root":[178],"morphologies,":[179],"outperforming":[180],"next":[182],"best":[183],"1.7%.":[186],"When":[187],"compared":[188],"clinicians'":[190],"visual":[191],"evaluations":[192],"full":[194],"radiographs,":[195],"average":[197],"error":[199],"was":[200,241],"10.69%,":[201],"accuracy":[206],"58%.":[208],"This":[209],"simulates":[210],"current":[211],"variation,":[213],"implying":[214],"diverse":[216],"could":[218],"improve":[219],"accuracy.":[220],"CONCLUSIONS:":[221],"showed":[224],"promising":[226],"capability":[227],"localise":[229],"An":[239],"agreement":[240],"found":[242],"other":[244],"literature":[245],"non-CEJ":[247],"(Cemento-Enamel":[248],"Junction)":[249],"are":[251],"hardest":[253],"localise.":[255],"Honing":[256],"system's":[258],"clinical":[259],"pipeline":[260],"will":[261],"allow":[262],"use":[265],"intervention":[267],"applications.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
