{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170637715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","title":"An intersubject variable regional anesthesia simulator with a virtual patient architecture","display_name":"An intersubject variable regional anesthesia simulator with a virtual patient architecture","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170637715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","mag":"2170637715","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057711214","display_name":"Sebastian Ullrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Ullrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. s.ullrich@ieee.org","Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. s.ullrich@ieee.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044191999","display_name":"Oliver Grottke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-3122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120689","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Aachen","ror":"https://ror.org/02gm5zw39","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Grottke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799","https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013190539","display_name":"Eduard Fried","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Fried","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068999620","display_name":"Thorsten Frommen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Frommen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066130076","display_name":"Wei Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021767295","display_name":"Rolf Rossaint","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120689","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Aachen","ror":"https://ror.org/02gm5zw39","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Rossaint","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799","https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084069506","display_name":"Torsten Kuhlen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-4367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Kuhlen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University, Seffenter Weg 23, 52074, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020402349","display_name":"Thomas M. Deserno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Deserno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057711214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87254576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"6","first_page":"561","last_page":"570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.1818999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.1818999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.11550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.08410000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8087012767791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.5793095231056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5499699115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.5275900959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44994181394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4489799439907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4285362958908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4138278365135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-patient","display_name":"Virtual patient","score":0.4134484827518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4020942449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2796158194541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11901545524597168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8087012767791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.5793095231056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5499699115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.5275900959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44994181394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4489799439907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4285362958908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4138278365135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778533338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935148","display_name":"Virtual patient","level":2,"score":0.4134484827518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4020942449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2796158194541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11901545524597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000765","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Conduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000765","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Conduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000765","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Conduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000776","descriptor_name":"Anesthesiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000776","descriptor_name":"Anesthesiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000776","descriptor_name":"Anesthesiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20033332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:183045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/183045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery 4(6), 561-570 (2009). doi:10.1007/s11548-009-0371-5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44300795","https://openalex.org/W276561357","https://openalex.org/W1540056584","https://openalex.org/W1540201964","https://openalex.org/W1584006879","https://openalex.org/W1964673636","https://openalex.org/W1965754452","https://openalex.org/W1973435600","https://openalex.org/W1993962870","https://openalex.org/W2033762768","https://openalex.org/W2045109305","https://openalex.org/W2048717282","https://openalex.org/W2050399695","https://openalex.org/W2061303477","https://openalex.org/W2071470832","https://openalex.org/W2091515202","https://openalex.org/W2103111355","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2116045993","https://openalex.org/W2143871832","https://openalex.org/W2144133758","https://openalex.org/W2149184914","https://openalex.org/W2158678210","https://openalex.org/W2161473822","https://openalex.org/W2166657119","https://openalex.org/W2410581403","https://openalex.org/W2425377981","https://openalex.org/W4206360718","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W3175380930","https://openalex.org/W1989694608","https://openalex.org/W2139876914","https://openalex.org/W2108167108","https://openalex.org/W4233260495","https://openalex.org/W3094485622","https://openalex.org/W2642061445","https://openalex.org/W2348224808"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
