{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159186283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","title":"Imagined character recognition through EEG signals using deep convolutional neural network","display_name":"Imagined character recognition through EEG signals using deep convolutional neural network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159186283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","mag":"3159186283","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33945075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103127236","display_name":"Sadiq Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802902501","display_name":"Namal College","ror":"https://ror.org/00zcxra43","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802902501"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sadiq Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Namal Institute, Mianwali, Pakistan","The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Namal Institute, Mianwali, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802902501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047996342","display_name":"Zahid Halim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-3483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Halim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan. zahid.halim@giki.edu.pk","The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan. zahid.halim@giki.edu.pk","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Machine Intelligence Research Group (MInG), Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103127236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802902501","https://openalex.org/I5400463"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91791912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"1167","last_page":"1183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8123462796211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.7328758835792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7178655862808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7056469917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6515644788742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5879999399185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46842870116233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4479493796825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.42863181233406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4257001280784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14049032330513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8123462796211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.7328758835792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178655862808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7056469917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6515644788742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5879999399185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46842870116233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4479493796825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.42863181233406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4257001280784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14049032330513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02368-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33945075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33945075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & biological engineering & computing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1539670134","https://openalex.org/W1560074155","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1625494088","https://openalex.org/W1765423497","https://openalex.org/W1977995219","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2008060633","https://openalex.org/W2023154266","https://openalex.org/W2040579218","https://openalex.org/W2056981524","https://openalex.org/W2074772891","https://openalex.org/W2084128131","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2121242615","https://openalex.org/W2133565549","https://openalex.org/W2133999722","https://openalex.org/W2141330748","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2150251308","https://openalex.org/W2151669316","https://openalex.org/W2155129393","https://openalex.org/W2161073241","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2187551288","https://openalex.org/W2188041026","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2405936376","https://openalex.org/W2412560454","https://openalex.org/W2539609502","https://openalex.org/W2540507509","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2747152051","https://openalex.org/W2754370772","https://openalex.org/W2757951733","https://openalex.org/W2765856398","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2805466995","https://openalex.org/W2885531798","https://openalex.org/W2896895809","https://openalex.org/W2897069278","https://openalex.org/W2911969890","https://openalex.org/W2914567046","https://openalex.org/W2914874661","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2954469285","https://openalex.org/W2960369238","https://openalex.org/W2963688765","https://openalex.org/W2978943609","https://openalex.org/W3003385856","https://openalex.org/W3014108408","https://openalex.org/W3035116401","https://openalex.org/W3087484287","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W4230430154","https://openalex.org/W4232375027","https://openalex.org/W4237569247","https://openalex.org/W4252348215","https://openalex.org/W6600020652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}