{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901831534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","title":"Machine learning distinguishes neurosurgical skill levels in a virtual reality tumor resection task","display_name":"Machine learning distinguishes neurosurgical skill levels in a virtual reality tumor resection task","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901831534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","mag":"2901831534","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32279203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.08159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Samaneh Siyar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292859797","display_name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghs6f64","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samaneh Siyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hamed Azarnoush","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Azarnoush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. hamed.azarnoush@mail.mcgill.ca","Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada. hamed.azarnoush@mail.mcgill.ca"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. hamed.azarnoush@mail.mcgill.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada. hamed.azarnoush@mail.mcgill.ca","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Saeid Rashidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Rashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander Winkler-Schwartz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292859797","display_name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghs6f64","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Winkler-Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vincent Bissonnette","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292859797","display_name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghs6f64","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Bissonnette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nirros Ponnudurai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292859797","display_name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghs6f64","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirros Ponnudurai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rolando F. Del Maestro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292859797","display_name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghs6f64","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolando F. Del Maestro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Simulation and Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University, E2.89, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292859797","https://openalex.org/I158248296","https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91677866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"1357","last_page":"1367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychomotor-learning","display_name":"Psychomotor learning","score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurosurgery","display_name":"Neurosurgery","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apprenticeship","display_name":"Apprenticeship","score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resection","display_name":"Resection","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentium","display_name":"Pentium","score":0.37070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6571000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164953862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256440","display_name":"Psychomotor learning","level":3,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12770488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Neurosurgery","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107806365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253567","display_name":"Apprenticeship","level":2,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17078201","display_name":"Resection","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46268123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214314","display_name":"Pentium","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781350754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Virtual training","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069471","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069471","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069471","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-020-02155-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32279203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32279203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & biological engineering & computing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.08159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.08159","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.08159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.08159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.08159","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.08159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576428146","https://openalex.org/W1503084513","https://openalex.org/W1965053430","https://openalex.org/W1972088720","https://openalex.org/W1995258416","https://openalex.org/W2006159173","https://openalex.org/W2006404518","https://openalex.org/W2018990093","https://openalex.org/W2029756615","https://openalex.org/W2030680667","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2054483799","https://openalex.org/W2056300110","https://openalex.org/W2059205775","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2067125029","https://openalex.org/W2069219453","https://openalex.org/W2080025821","https://openalex.org/W2088462238","https://openalex.org/W2093608337","https://openalex.org/W2107740047","https://openalex.org/W2107968547","https://openalex.org/W2128123720","https://openalex.org/W2136906253","https://openalex.org/W2152156996","https://openalex.org/W2169285019","https://openalex.org/W2294352517","https://openalex.org/W2328609865","https://openalex.org/W2464298857","https://openalex.org/W2470043345","https://openalex.org/W2525984666","https://openalex.org/W2726360404","https://openalex.org/W2734865288","https://openalex.org/W2753008889","https://openalex.org/W2763556273","https://openalex.org/W2809616289","https://openalex.org/W2963562052","https://openalex.org/W4251212826"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}
