{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2725034954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","title":"Classification of upper limb disability levels of children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy using K-means algorithm","display_name":"Classification of upper limb disability levels of children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy using K-means algorithm","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2725034954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","mag":"2725034954","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28667591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073348041","display_name":"Sana Raouafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176714629","display_name":"Bell (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdg8m59","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sana Raouafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRME - Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada. sana.raouafi@polymtl.ca","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada. sana.raouafi@polymtl.ca","Institute of Biomedical Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRME - Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada. sana.raouafi@polymtl.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada. sana.raouafi@polymtl.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070138703","display_name":"Sofiane Achiche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-0701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofiane Achiche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design Section, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design Section, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013076638","display_name":"Micka\u00ebl Begon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mickael Begon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070336639","display_name":"Aur\u00e9lie Sarcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141975","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Saint-Jacques","ror":"https://ror.org/052w2jw50","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019204325","https://openalex.org/I4210141975"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aur\u00e9lie Sarcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motion Analysis Laboratory, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Saint Jacques Hospital, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motion Analysis Laboratory, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Saint Jacques Hospital, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030155623","display_name":"Maxime Raison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-456X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176714629","display_name":"Bell (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdg8m59","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Raison","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRME - Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design Section, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","CRME \u2013 Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRME - Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176714629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design Section, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRME \u2013 Research Center, Office GR-123, 5200, East B\u00e9langer Street, H1T 1C9, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073348041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176714629","https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68658248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.8622463941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic","display_name":"Spastic","score":0.6055523753166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6051110029220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic-cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Spastic cerebral palsy","score":0.5813704133033752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.5663825273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.5291997194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.5156089663505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.43008002638816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3875214755535126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3392384350299835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3233222961425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12681084871292114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.8622463941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573993","display_name":"Spastic","level":3,"score":0.6055523753166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6051110029220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573995","display_name":"Spastic cerebral palsy","level":4,"score":0.5813704133033752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.5663825273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.5291997194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5156089663505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.43008002638816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3875214755535126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3392384350299835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3233222961425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12681084871292114}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28667591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28667591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & biological engineering & computing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03857918v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03857918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 2018, 56 (1), pp.49-59. &#x27E8;10.1007/s11517-017-1678-y&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:38421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/38421/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20923992","https://openalex.org/W44132218","https://openalex.org/W115442252","https://openalex.org/W1482829910","https://openalex.org/W1589750505","https://openalex.org/W1970116528","https://openalex.org/W1970600525","https://openalex.org/W1989439258","https://openalex.org/W2000439420","https://openalex.org/W2005153046","https://openalex.org/W2014303046","https://openalex.org/W2017748199","https://openalex.org/W2021899482","https://openalex.org/W2022167001","https://openalex.org/W2024831414","https://openalex.org/W2034202327","https://openalex.org/W2041753102","https://openalex.org/W2045474802","https://openalex.org/W2046584643","https://openalex.org/W2085411438","https://openalex.org/W2087284924","https://openalex.org/W2090482547","https://openalex.org/W2098558151","https://openalex.org/W2108950639","https://openalex.org/W2113996138","https://openalex.org/W2114841234","https://openalex.org/W2116956067","https://openalex.org/W2119292054","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2137900158","https://openalex.org/W2146116887","https://openalex.org/W2148046380","https://openalex.org/W2148301646","https://openalex.org/W2153132838","https://openalex.org/W2169233645","https://openalex.org/W2189753750","https://openalex.org/W2287958167","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2519323706","https://openalex.org/W2523012417","https://openalex.org/W2539668354","https://openalex.org/W2798643531","https://openalex.org/W4237180339","https://openalex.org/W4237523159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921349444","https://openalex.org/W243829279","https://openalex.org/W2368026515","https://openalex.org/W2368213237","https://openalex.org/W2110737253","https://openalex.org/W2971860297","https://openalex.org/W1580318488","https://openalex.org/W2379901357","https://openalex.org/W1990259185","https://openalex.org/W2405318418"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
