{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030576571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","title":"Combined feedforward and feedback control of a redundant, nonlinear, dynamic musculoskeletal system","display_name":"Combined feedforward and feedback control of a redundant, nonlinear, dynamic musculoskeletal system","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030576571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","mag":"2030576571","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19343388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048405459","display_name":"Dimitra Blana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-6120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitra Blana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. dimitra.blana@case.edu","Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. dimitra.blana@case.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007184945","display_name":"Robert F. Kirsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2564-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Kirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034700384","display_name":"Edward K. Chadwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-5110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward K. Chadwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007184945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"fwci":5.5119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95798061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"5","first_page":"533","last_page":"542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.9368255138397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8005483150482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6548231840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-dynamics","display_name":"Inverse dynamics","score":0.6144235730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.5254480242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.4981691837310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.49452635645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4290861487388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.425302654504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-loop","display_name":"Feedback loop","score":0.4115387797355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3979763388633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3753470778465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3494863510131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2193393111228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.1825353503227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1432669460773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1011858880519867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.9368255138397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8005483150482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6548231840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187523126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098330","display_name":"Inverse dynamics","level":3,"score":0.6144235730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5254480242729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.4981691837310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.49452635645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4290861487388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.425302654504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.4115387797355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3979763388633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3753470778465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3494863510131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2193393111228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.1825353503227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1432669460773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1011858880519867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008953","descriptor_name":"Models, Anatomic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008953","descriptor_name":"Models, Anatomic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008953","descriptor_name":"Models, Anatomic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19343388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19343388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & biological engineering & computing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2024419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2971668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11517-009-0479-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2571053386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-NS-5-2365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6684702283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01-NS-5-2365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7399768460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01 NS052365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2030576571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2030576571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535260033","https://openalex.org/W1974516244","https://openalex.org/W1981287008","https://openalex.org/W1991072936","https://openalex.org/W2032546725","https://openalex.org/W2035743367","https://openalex.org/W2046824813","https://openalex.org/W2054183101","https://openalex.org/W2058073384","https://openalex.org/W2080480282","https://openalex.org/W2087232315","https://openalex.org/W2097196211","https://openalex.org/W2104601915","https://openalex.org/W2109765138","https://openalex.org/W2113704314","https://openalex.org/W2129889124","https://openalex.org/W2132518396","https://openalex.org/W2132574098","https://openalex.org/W2138251506","https://openalex.org/W2138362284","https://openalex.org/W2146555215","https://openalex.org/W2147230663","https://openalex.org/W2160262314","https://openalex.org/W2163900161","https://openalex.org/W2165904171","https://openalex.org/W2170316783","https://openalex.org/W2171162761","https://openalex.org/W3148363731","https://openalex.org/W4297979420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115072676","https://openalex.org/W2334966493","https://openalex.org/W4311212821","https://openalex.org/W2045727192","https://openalex.org/W2102065768","https://openalex.org/W4390752998","https://openalex.org/W1529660427","https://openalex.org/W2959845408","https://openalex.org/W3121106353","https://openalex.org/W2158578859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"functional":[1],"electrical":[2],"stimulation":[3],"controller":[4,23,36,49,70,89],"is":[5,50],"presented":[6],"that":[7,102],"uses":[8],"a":[9,68,74,95,121],"combination":[10],"of":[11,61,84,99,115,124,141],"feedforward":[12,22,48],"and":[13,33,44,81,86,92,106,118,132,144],"feedback":[14,35,65],"for":[15,30,38],"arm":[16,101],"control":[17],"in":[18,71,129,138],"high-level":[19],"injury.":[20],"The":[21,47,64,88],"generates":[24],"the":[25,34,58,62,78,100,139],"muscle":[26,42],"activations":[27],"nominally":[28],"required":[29],"desired":[31],"movements,":[32],"corrects":[37],"errors":[39],"caused":[40],"by":[41],"fatigue":[43,143],"external":[45,145],"disturbances.":[46,146],"an":[51],"artificial":[52],"neural":[53],"network":[54],"(ANN)":[55],"which":[56],"approximates":[57],"inverse":[59],"dynamics":[60],"arm.":[63],"loop":[66],"includes":[67,103],"PID":[69],"series":[72],"with":[73],"second":[75],"ANN":[76],"representing":[77],"nonlinear":[79],"properties":[80],"biomechanical":[82],"interactions":[83],"muscles":[85],"joints.":[87],"was":[90],"designed":[91],"tested":[93],"using":[94],"two-joint":[96],"musculoskeletal":[97],"model":[98],"four":[104],"mono-articular":[105],"two":[107],"bi-articular":[108],"muscles.":[109],"Its":[110],"performance":[111],"during":[112],"goal-oriented":[113],"movements":[114],"varying":[116],"amplitudes":[117],"durations":[119],"showed":[120],"tracking":[122],"error":[123],"less":[125,133],"than":[126,134],"4":[127],"degrees":[128,136],"ideal":[130],"conditions,":[131],"10":[135],"even":[137],"case":[140],"considerable":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}