{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054019556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","title":"Automated image processing method for the diagnosis and classification of malaria on thin blood smears","display_name":"Automated image processing method for the diagnosis and classification of malaria on thin blood smears","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054019556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","mag":"2054019556","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16937184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064352153","display_name":"Nicholas E. Ross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas E. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK. ner25@cam.ac.uk","CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK. ner25@cam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014797801","display_name":"Charles J. Pritchard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles J. Pritchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa","university of the Witwatersrand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015723926","display_name":"David M. Rubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa","university of the Witwatersrand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059326680","display_name":"Adriano Dus\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriano G. Dus\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa","University of the Witwatersrand Medical School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Witwatersrand Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064352153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":309,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96729849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"5","first_page":"427","last_page":"436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"Malaria","score":0.7512122392654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis-of-malaria","display_name":"Diagnosis of malaria","score":0.7067696452140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5919559001922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5635613799095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.5590081810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-smear","display_name":"Blood smear","score":0.5050960183143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4842545688152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hsl-and-hsv","display_name":"HSL and HSV","score":0.4801042377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41759222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.39187583327293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.380176305770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.3744415044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.32296186685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28938227891921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.2883528172969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09599533677101135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.7512122392654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779810223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270339","display_name":"Diagnosis of malaria","level":4,"score":0.7067696452140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5919559001922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5635613799095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5590081810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017819844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886475","display_name":"Blood smear","level":3,"score":0.5050960183143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4842545688152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36372059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376492","display_name":"HSL and HSV","level":3,"score":0.4801042377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41759222745895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.39187583327293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.380176305770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.3744415044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32296186685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28938227891921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2883528172969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09599533677101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004912","descriptor_name":"Erythrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004912","descriptor_name":"Erythrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004912","descriptor_name":"Erythrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013048","descriptor_name":"Specimen Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013048","descriptor_name":"Specimen Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013048","descriptor_name":"Specimen Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0044-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46300952","display_name":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing","issn_l":"0140-0118","issn":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16937184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16937184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical & biological engineering & computing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52005176","https://openalex.org/W239631428","https://openalex.org/W2024746208","https://openalex.org/W2024941397","https://openalex.org/W2034720578","https://openalex.org/W2044562217","https://openalex.org/W2060092117","https://openalex.org/W2087883722","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2135943286","https://openalex.org/W2143396287","https://openalex.org/W2146403040","https://openalex.org/W2153547712","https://openalex.org/W2156232913","https://openalex.org/W2414803278","https://openalex.org/W3151706305","https://openalex.org/W4232493484","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185050200","https://openalex.org/W1817516180","https://openalex.org/W118622783","https://openalex.org/W1982624748","https://openalex.org/W2411199131","https://openalex.org/W2011362795","https://openalex.org/W2411515868","https://openalex.org/W2101579428","https://openalex.org/W2374847693","https://openalex.org/W2426833406"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-04T07:58:01.006859","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
