{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415783171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0","title":"Stackelberg games for continuous-time stochastic linear quadratic systems via Q-learning","display_name":"Stackelberg games for continuous-time stochastic linear quadratic systems via Q-learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415783171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218743","display_name":"Science China Information Sciences","issn_l":"1674-733X","issn":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science China Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646337","display_name":"Ying Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-2675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017397385","display_name":"Bing\u2010Chang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-8615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bing-Chang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042517215","display_name":"Bo Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017397385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88396378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.33970001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170131372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617811","display_name":"Stochastic control","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86582703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617824","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","level":4,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-025-4623-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218743","display_name":"Science China Information Sciences","issn_l":"1674-733X","issn":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science China Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602326725","https://openalex.org/W1983523797","https://openalex.org/W1986864433","https://openalex.org/W2015426401","https://openalex.org/W2024303516","https://openalex.org/W2025054985","https://openalex.org/W2038413096","https://openalex.org/W2047442440","https://openalex.org/W2050838777","https://openalex.org/W2054973458","https://openalex.org/W2099958618","https://openalex.org/W2108286682","https://openalex.org/W2112103082","https://openalex.org/W2143794104","https://openalex.org/W2165726932","https://openalex.org/W2214884926","https://openalex.org/W2560295441","https://openalex.org/W2732083963","https://openalex.org/W2888559564","https://openalex.org/W2945340483","https://openalex.org/W3081866929","https://openalex.org/W3116516558","https://openalex.org/W3125172959","https://openalex.org/W3158023256","https://openalex.org/W3189263010","https://openalex.org/W4327522695","https://openalex.org/W4353101359","https://openalex.org/W4366086478","https://openalex.org/W4385444705","https://openalex.org/W4394976838","https://openalex.org/W4402052499"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
