{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106300158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","title":"Learning to deal with hate speech: An online collective intelligence experiment on the Collective Learning platform","display_name":"Learning to deal with hate speech: An online collective intelligence experiment on the Collective Learning platform","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106300158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64184962","display_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","issn_l":"1556-1607","issn":["1556-1607","1556-1615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tatiana \u00cd\u00f1iguez-Berrozpe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatiana \u00cd\u00f1iguez-Berrozpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carmen Elboj-Saso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Elboj-Saso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Francesco Marcaletti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Marcaletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pablo Bautista-Alcaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Bautista-Alcaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-4956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":2.3731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90323755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"123","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.3531000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.3531000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.2773999869823456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.8206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"Collective behavior","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-group","display_name":"Social group","score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-action","display_name":"Collective action","score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-learning","display_name":"Group learning","score":0.28679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.8206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777932401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471594","display_name":"Collective action","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983025851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040098","display_name":"Group learning","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019385078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6488998","display_name":"Large group","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109778625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Computer-mediated communication","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019640506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839578","display_name":"Group dynamic","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45801056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273844","display_name":"Social intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162695957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863590","display_name":"Cyberculture","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64184962","display_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","issn_l":"1556-1607","issn":["1556-1607","1556-1615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:164165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/164165","pdf_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/164165/files/texto_completo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402461","display_name":"Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11412-025-09460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64184962","display_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","issn_l":"1556-1607","issn":["1556-1607","1556-1615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5019339323043823}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4960595788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-130302B-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324111","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7106300158.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7106300158.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019211634","https://openalex.org/W2050601299","https://openalex.org/W2117408189","https://openalex.org/W2120220258","https://openalex.org/W2154490010","https://openalex.org/W2169521630","https://openalex.org/W2339125361","https://openalex.org/W2385214964","https://openalex.org/W2510182015","https://openalex.org/W2549537351","https://openalex.org/W2611112066","https://openalex.org/W2744616697","https://openalex.org/W2745575693","https://openalex.org/W2783218188","https://openalex.org/W2785511780","https://openalex.org/W2885055890","https://openalex.org/W2914356797","https://openalex.org/W2949211296","https://openalex.org/W3004440021","https://openalex.org/W3041268394","https://openalex.org/W3123409579","https://openalex.org/W3125398814","https://openalex.org/W3161710183","https://openalex.org/W3215878128","https://openalex.org/W4200149289","https://openalex.org/W4210375898","https://openalex.org/W4237377504","https://openalex.org/W4281681212","https://openalex.org/W4283319036","https://openalex.org/W4285039081","https://openalex.org/W4285676325","https://openalex.org/W4286567134","https://openalex.org/W4296795314","https://openalex.org/W4297330259","https://openalex.org/W4303633976","https://openalex.org/W4307516900","https://openalex.org/W4308124570","https://openalex.org/W4308916930","https://openalex.org/W4309915774","https://openalex.org/W4311783867","https://openalex.org/W4321850362","https://openalex.org/W4362662690","https://openalex.org/W4362736509","https://openalex.org/W4367369511","https://openalex.org/W4381185933","https://openalex.org/W4383186838","https://openalex.org/W4385230514","https://openalex.org/W4400798948","https://openalex.org/W4410668942"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"Online":[2],"hate":[3,40,129,173],"speech":[4],"on":[5,47],"social":[6],"networks":[7],"and":[8,20,76,116],"the":[9,45,48,93,96,104,111,137,146],"Internet":[10],"is":[11],"an":[12],"increasingly":[13],"pervasive":[14],"phenomenon":[15],"to":[16,30,126,170],"which":[17],"both":[18],"children":[19],"adolescents":[21,59,168],"are":[22],"exposed.":[23],"Objective:":[24],"Our":[25,142],"study\u2019s":[26],"main":[27],"objective":[28],"was":[29],"ascertain":[31],"whether":[32],"collective":[33,99,149,164],"intelligence":[34,100,150,165],"can":[35,166],"improve":[36],"their":[37],"handling":[38],"of":[39,57,66,98,148,160],"speech.":[41,174],"Methods:":[42],"We":[43],"conducted":[44],"study":[46,143],"Collective":[49],"Learning":[50],"platform,":[51],"comparing":[52],"results":[53],"between":[54],"three":[55],"groups":[56,64,79,114],"Spanish":[58],"aged":[60],"15\u201316":[61],"years.":[62],"The":[63,89,118],"were":[65,101],"different":[67],"sizes:":[68],"one":[69],"large":[70,105,119],"group":[71,106,155],"(G1,":[72],"n":[73,81,85],"=":[74,82,86],"123)":[75],"two":[77,112,138],"smaller":[78,139],"(G2,":[80],"18;":[83],"G3,":[84],"23).":[87],"Results:":[88],"experiment":[90],"showed":[91],"that":[92],"conditions":[94],"for":[95],"emergence":[97,147],"met":[102],"within":[103],"(G1)":[107],"but":[108],"not":[109,134],"in":[110,136,151],"small":[113],"(G2":[115],"G3).":[117],"group,":[120],"as":[121],"a":[122,158],"collective,":[123],"acquired":[124],"capacities":[125],"deal":[127,171],"with":[128,172],"speech;":[130],"however,":[131],"this":[132],"did":[133],"occur":[135],"groups.":[140],"Conclusions:":[141],"explains":[144],"how":[145],"online":[152],"environments":[153],"helps":[154],"members":[156],"acquire":[157],"series":[159],"competencies.":[161],"In":[162],"particular,":[163],"help":[167],"learn":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
