{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397240793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","title":"Adaptive Photon Mapping Based on Gradient","display_name":"Adaptive Photon Mapping Based on Gradient","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397240793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","mag":"2397240793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161516442","display_name":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology","issn_l":"1000-9000","issn":["1000-9000","1860-4749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061160095","display_name":"Chunmeng Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-058X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14308217","display_name":"Ministry of Education Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0270k0c71","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}],"countries":["CN","MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Meng Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14308217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364430","display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-3328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14308217","display_name":"Ministry of Education Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0270k0c71","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]}],"countries":["CN","MW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14308217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112121126","display_name":"Yanning Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14308217","display_name":"Ministry of Education Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0270k0c71","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN","MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Ning Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14308217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101536417","display_name":"Xiangxu Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14308217","display_name":"Ministry of Education Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0270k0c71","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN","MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Xu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14308217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019777243","display_name":"Yuan-Jie Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14308217","display_name":"Ministry of Education Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0270k0c71","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I4210115235"]}],"countries":["CN","MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Jie Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14308217"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 252000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I34949971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100364430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015","https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I14308217","https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I34949971","https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05851229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"217","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.8866968154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.739752471446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.722420871257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.6138635873794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5350381731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5018763542175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.457850843667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.439519464969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.43186330795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4259748160839081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.336390882730484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.30755460262298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15200987458229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14861643314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.13952431082725525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.8866968154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.739752471446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.722420871257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.6138635873794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5350381731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5018763542175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.457850843667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.439519464969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43186330795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4259748160839081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.336390882730484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30755460262298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15200987458229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14861643314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.13952431082725525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-016-1622-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161516442","display_name":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology","issn_l":"1000-9000","issn":["1000-9000","1860-4749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564557124","https://openalex.org/W1781099918","https://openalex.org/W1839423748","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W2023322507","https://openalex.org/W2027979483","https://openalex.org/W2039431245","https://openalex.org/W2054627943","https://openalex.org/W2058810187","https://openalex.org/W2104814486","https://openalex.org/W2137442086","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2142327292","https://openalex.org/W2167029588","https://openalex.org/W2167031184","https://openalex.org/W2762386846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896728493","https://openalex.org/W2392142157","https://openalex.org/W2043512367","https://openalex.org/W4256093430","https://openalex.org/W2139046107","https://openalex.org/W1820836432","https://openalex.org/W1829077561","https://openalex.org/W2158294804","https://openalex.org/W4238852003","https://openalex.org/W56981480"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}