{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126172220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","title":"From traditional to robot-assisted learning: a multimodal robot-assisted learning framework for enhancing english acquisition in korean preschoolers","display_name":"From traditional to robot-assisted learning: a multimodal robot-assisted learning framework for enhancing english acquisition in korean preschoolers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126172220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001109324","display_name":"Anastasiya Rybakova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2641-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anastasiya Rybakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI&Robotics, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea","Center for Humanoid, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, 14-gil Hwarang-ro, Seoul, 02792, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI&Robotics, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Humanoid, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, 14-gil Hwarang-ro, Seoul, 02792, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124447050","display_name":"JongSuk Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JongSuk Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI&Robotics, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea","Center for Humanoid, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, 14-gil Hwarang-ro, Seoul, 02792, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI&Robotics, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Humanoid, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, 14-gil Hwarang-ro, Seoul, 02792, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001109324","https://openalex.org/A5124447050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723","https://openalex.org/I58716616","https://openalex.org/I88761825"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07936893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.5819000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.5819000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.06710000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-learning","display_name":"Multimodal learning","score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-object","display_name":"Learning object","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-interaction","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780660688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052564","display_name":"Multimodal learning","level":2,"score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779542340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062461","display_name":"Learning object","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135641252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738567","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48842322","display_name":"Vocabulary learning","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780910867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952416","display_name":"Multimodality","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-025-00685-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7761591076850891,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8314559168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00419883","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8831863222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2E33602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126172220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126172220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577845799","https://openalex.org/W1595361351","https://openalex.org/W2088884531","https://openalex.org/W2103857331","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2315740750","https://openalex.org/W2599226013","https://openalex.org/W2740704930","https://openalex.org/W2886080109","https://openalex.org/W2907761700","https://openalex.org/W2935844646","https://openalex.org/W3011832253","https://openalex.org/W3034081547","https://openalex.org/W3048310483","https://openalex.org/W3110523263","https://openalex.org/W3111427900","https://openalex.org/W3184195715","https://openalex.org/W3217763047","https://openalex.org/W4200288985","https://openalex.org/W4200426196","https://openalex.org/W4220686168","https://openalex.org/W4220929188","https://openalex.org/W4223937786","https://openalex.org/W4225982783","https://openalex.org/W4283465309","https://openalex.org/W4285810273","https://openalex.org/W4286511253","https://openalex.org/W4296653599","https://openalex.org/W4301164596","https://openalex.org/W4327522262","https://openalex.org/W4386958349","https://openalex.org/W4387717691","https://openalex.org/W4389055720","https://openalex.org/W4394716347","https://openalex.org/W4396588776","https://openalex.org/W4396804630","https://openalex.org/W4404953394","https://openalex.org/W4406203825"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"language":[1,22,97],"instruction":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"the":[5,33,106],"dominant":[6],"approach":[7],"in":[8,52,57,126],"early":[9,161],"childhood":[10,162],"education,":[11],"yet":[12],"integrating":[13],"robotic":[14,37,133],"systems":[15],"presents":[16],"new":[17],"opportunities":[18],"to":[19,40,101,115,149],"enhance":[20],"second":[21],"acquisition.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25,75],"introduces":[26],"a":[27,142,155],"multimodal":[28,130],"robot-assisted":[29,63,89],"learning":[30,64,81,90,158],"framework":[31],"featuring":[32],"OpenManipulator-X,":[34],"an":[35],"interactive":[36],"system":[38],"designed":[39],"support":[41],"English":[42,59],"acquisition":[43],"among":[44],"Korean":[45],"preschoolers.":[46],"A":[47],"comparative":[48],"experiment":[49],"was":[50],"conducted":[51],"which":[53],"children":[54],"first":[55],"participated":[56],"teacher-led":[58],"instruction,":[60],"followed":[61],"by":[62],"using":[65],"task-based":[66],"interactions,":[67],"including":[68],"pick-and-place":[69],"activities":[70],"and":[71,80,94,113,118,137,170],"collaborative":[72],"drawing.":[73],"The":[74,120],"evaluates":[76],"engagement,":[77],"vocabulary":[78],"acquisition,":[79],"effectiveness":[82],"across":[83],"both":[84],"methods.":[85],"Results":[86],"indicate":[87],"that":[88],"fosters":[91],"greater":[92],"engagement":[93],"interaction,":[95],"while":[96],"retention":[98],"remained":[99],"comparable":[100],"traditional":[102],"instruction.":[103],"In":[104],"addition,":[105],"robot\u2019s":[107],"physical":[108],"behaviors\u2014such":[109],"as":[110],"object":[111],"manipulation":[112],"drawing\u2014contributed":[114],"increased":[116],"attention":[117],"participation.":[119],"novelty":[121],"of":[122,129],"this":[123],"work":[124,165],"lies":[125],"its":[127],"integration":[128],"interaction":[131,151],"combining":[132],"embodiment,":[134],"AR-based":[135],"manipulation,":[136],"tablet-guided":[138],"educational":[139],"tasks":[140],"within":[141],"unified":[143],"instructional":[144],"system.":[145],"These":[146],"findings":[147],"contribute":[148],"child\u2013robot":[150],"(CRI)":[152],"research,":[153],"offering":[154],"scalable":[156],"hybrid":[157],"model":[159],"for":[160],"education.":[163],"Future":[164],"should":[166],"explore":[167],"AI-driven":[168],"personalization":[169],"long-term":[171],"developmental":[172],"impact.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-02-01T00:00:00"}
