{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147780560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","title":"Mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head","display_name":"Mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147780560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","mag":"2147780560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045445928","display_name":"Rob Reilink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rob Reilink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020350798","display_name":"Ludo C. Visser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludo C. Visser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033499749","display_name":"Dannis Michel Brouwer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-7155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dannis M. Brouwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEMCON Advanced Mechatronics, Oldenzaal, The Netherlands","Department of Mechanical Automation and Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEMCON Advanced Mechatronics, Oldenzaal, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Automation and Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061618118","display_name":"Raffaella Carloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-4332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Carloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047812798","display_name":"Stefano Stramigioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8212-7387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Stramigioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045445928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.9759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77597048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.910099983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8290707468986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6106305718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6101841926574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.5941762328147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechatronics","display_name":"Mechatronics","score":0.5665961503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5594666004180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5465932488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.5015625953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3480015695095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.10660669207572937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8290707468986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6106305718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6101841926574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.5941762328147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.5665961503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5594666004180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5465932488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5015625953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3480015695095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.10660669207572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/d56702c5-4be3-46e6-86a3-b5df1afb7e3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/d56702c5-4be3-46e6-86a3-b5df1afb7e3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reilink, R, Visser, L C, Brouwer, D M, Carloni, R & Stramigioli, S 2011, 'Mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head', Intelligent service robotics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11370-010-0077-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145649206","display_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","issn_l":"1861-2776","issn":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Service Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147780560.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147780560.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173264240","https://openalex.org/W297039922","https://openalex.org/W1256870269","https://openalex.org/W1507570408","https://openalex.org/W1543695342","https://openalex.org/W1561130515","https://openalex.org/W1564897360","https://openalex.org/W1589423663","https://openalex.org/W1925741521","https://openalex.org/W2014863553","https://openalex.org/W2018637292","https://openalex.org/W2049617391","https://openalex.org/W2055590769","https://openalex.org/W2061493515","https://openalex.org/W2069059100","https://openalex.org/W2070645165","https://openalex.org/W2116626058","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2144672264","https://openalex.org/W2145227859","https://openalex.org/W2149827010","https://openalex.org/W2165447553","https://openalex.org/W2168616430","https://openalex.org/W2659966256","https://openalex.org/W3088063282","https://openalex.org/W3217246742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979649235","https://openalex.org/W2540925674","https://openalex.org/W2392565008","https://openalex.org/W2990667865","https://openalex.org/W2146369460","https://openalex.org/W2126417091","https://openalex.org/W2511524105","https://openalex.org/W2122922035","https://openalex.org/W2016648070","https://openalex.org/W2774394625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,7,16,51,63,78,87,96,113,119,126,142,145,150,158,165,168,193,196],"mechatronic":[4],"design":[5,27],"of":[6,18,33,39,48,60,86,128,144,167],"Twente":[8],"humanoid":[9,120,151],"head,":[10],"which":[11,187],"has":[12,89,181],"been":[13,90],"realized":[14],"in":[15,62,67,72,95],"purpose":[17],"having":[19],"a":[20,29,42,68,73,108,177,182],"research":[21],"platform":[22],"for":[23],"human-machine":[24],"interaction.":[25],"The":[26,84,102,135,161,179],"features":[28],"fast,":[30],"four":[31],"degree":[32],"freedom":[34,61],"neck,":[35],"with":[36,45],"long":[37],"range":[38],"motion,":[40],"and":[41,77,98,148,156,195],"vision":[43,103,146],"system":[44,104,169,191],"three":[46],"degrees":[47,59],"freedom,":[49],"mimicking":[50],"eyes.":[52],"To":[53],"achieve":[54],"fast":[55],"target":[56,159],"tracking,":[57],"two":[58],"neck":[64,88],"are":[65],"combined":[66],"differential":[69],"drive,":[70],"resulting":[71],"low":[74],"moving":[75],"mass":[76],"possibility":[79],"to":[80,116,132,153,170],"use":[81],"powerful":[82],"actuators.":[83],"performance":[85],"optimized":[91],"by":[92],"minimizing":[93],"backlash":[94],"mechanisms,":[97],"using":[99],"gravity":[100],"compensation.":[101],"is":[105],"based":[106],"on":[107,155],"saliency":[109],"algorithm":[110,138,147],"that":[111],"uses":[112],"camera":[114],"images":[115],"determine":[117],"where":[118],"head":[121,152,180],"should":[122],"look":[123],"at,":[124],"i.e.":[125],"focus":[127,154],"attention":[129],"computed":[130],"according":[131],"biological":[133],"studies.":[134],"motion":[136],"control":[137,162],"receives,":[139],"as":[140],"input,":[141],"output":[143],"controls":[149],"follow":[157],"point.":[160],"architecture":[163],"exploits":[164],"redundancy":[166],"show":[171],"human-like":[172,199],"motions":[173],"while":[174],"looking":[175],"at":[176],"target.":[178],"translucent":[183],"plastic":[184],"cover,":[185],"onto":[186],"an":[188],"internal":[189],"LED":[190],"projects":[192],"mouth":[194],"eyebrows,":[197],"realizing":[198],"facial":[200],"expressions.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
