{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766877844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","title":"Predicting different levels of the unit testing effort of classes using source code metrics: a multiple case study on open-source software","display_name":"Predicting different levels of the unit testing effort of classes using source code metrics: a multiple case study on open-source software","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766877844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","mag":"2766877844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151239915","display_name":"Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering","issn_l":"1614-5046","issn":["1614-5046","1614-5054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068476326","display_name":"Fadel Tour\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63341726","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrw9r68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fadel Toure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-2006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038363863","display_name":"Mourad Badri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63341726","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrw9r68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Badri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001334643","display_name":"Luc Lamontagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-5117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Lamontagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068476326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63341726"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95311666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.7358963489532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6476055979728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality-assurance","display_name":"Software quality assurance","score":0.6007948517799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5607424974441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reliability-testing","display_name":"Software reliability testing","score":0.5520800948143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.5427127480506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.541638970375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5226133465766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-regression-testing","display_name":"Non-regression testing","score":0.4813424050807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4792482852935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"Quality assurance","score":0.4614585340023041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-testing","display_name":"Manual testing","score":0.4502800703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4172385632991791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4156489074230194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-driven-testing","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","score":0.4152575135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.406261682510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4045237600803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.39791807532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3963889479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3647298216819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17683008313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17020055651664734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.7358963489532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6476055979728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776969324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613918","display_name":"Software quality assurance","level":5,"score":0.6007948517799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5607424974441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52928878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554226","display_name":"Software reliability testing","level":5,"score":0.5520800948143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.5427127480506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.541638970375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5226133465766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86469151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Non-regression testing","level":5,"score":0.4813424050807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4792482852935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.4614585340023041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182122060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6752328","display_name":"Manual testing","level":5,"score":0.4502800703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4172385632991791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4156489074230194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169168650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675637","display_name":"Keyword-driven testing","level":5,"score":0.4152575135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.406261682510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4045237600803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.39791807532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3963889479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3647298216819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17683008313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17020055651664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393","display_name":"External quality assessment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-017-0306-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151239915","display_name":"Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering","issn_l":"1614-5046","issn":["1614-5046","1614-5054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495320250","https://openalex.org/W1499163112","https://openalex.org/W1541128807","https://openalex.org/W1585515701","https://openalex.org/W1840884391","https://openalex.org/W1964497219","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1967186586","https://openalex.org/W1967290796","https://openalex.org/W1970506508","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1975620021","https://openalex.org/W1976270565","https://openalex.org/W1991048500","https://openalex.org/W1995116827","https://openalex.org/W2005522109","https://openalex.org/W2007347131","https://openalex.org/W2014412501","https://openalex.org/W2015729052","https://openalex.org/W2020794564","https://openalex.org/W2024650695","https://openalex.org/W2041104244","https://openalex.org/W2044802063","https://openalex.org/W2074064885","https://openalex.org/W2084323056","https://openalex.org/W2089175932","https://openalex.org/W2091483537","https://openalex.org/W2093995814","https://openalex.org/W2095485672","https://openalex.org/W2102650452","https://openalex.org/W2110367707","https://openalex.org/W2117539536","https://openalex.org/W2119582290","https://openalex.org/W2120738100","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2123551785","https://openalex.org/W2125681959","https://openalex.org/W2128666163","https://openalex.org/W2130815535","https://openalex.org/W2135250985","https://openalex.org/W2138661194","https://openalex.org/W2140338983","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2158868137","https://openalex.org/W2161010626","https://openalex.org/W2162942598","https://openalex.org/W2165882074","https://openalex.org/W2301233168","https://openalex.org/W2401952677","https://openalex.org/W2404183746","https://openalex.org/W2497532187","https://openalex.org/W2503122096","https://openalex.org/W2589119856","https://openalex.org/W2614070794","https://openalex.org/W2739958890","https://openalex.org/W3169801952","https://openalex.org/W4237854095","https://openalex.org/W4242907487","https://openalex.org/W4299689471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2405892333","https://openalex.org/W2188932121","https://openalex.org/W2284280744","https://openalex.org/W1902291488","https://openalex.org/W1971486056","https://openalex.org/W2111976569","https://openalex.org/W1594893614","https://openalex.org/W2593913080","https://openalex.org/W2126144212","https://openalex.org/W1548321523"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}