{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151999096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","title":"MHGCA: Multi-scale heterogeneous graph learning with content-structure alignment for social spammer detection","display_name":"MHGCA: Multi-scale heterogeneous graph learning with content-structure alignment for social spammer detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151999096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133205203","display_name":"Kun Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133209090","display_name":"Hongli Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025414151","display_name":"Yuchen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010966894","display_name":"Gongzhu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-742X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gongzhu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022636067","display_name":"Yang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6494-1112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133169107","display_name":"Binxing Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binxing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133209090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62310764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.8920999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.8920999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.7699000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.2671999931335449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9023000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.7699000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-026-01404-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5104610919952393,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3327734949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. LH2023F018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434965388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2023F018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4389694176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2023F018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4651129172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. LH2023F018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7151999096.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7151999096.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113059239","https://openalex.org/W176212337","https://openalex.org/W1832529897","https://openalex.org/W1965586806","https://openalex.org/W1994940238","https://openalex.org/W1996802155","https://openalex.org/W1998871422","https://openalex.org/W2016707451","https://openalex.org/W2041709326","https://openalex.org/W2064237629","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2163898372","https://openalex.org/W2396651124","https://openalex.org/W2398905593","https://openalex.org/W2551957285","https://openalex.org/W2603699330","https://openalex.org/W2764040154","https://openalex.org/W2771677725","https://openalex.org/W2797657100","https://openalex.org/W2890535720","https://openalex.org/W2964294337","https://openalex.org/W2997035976","https://openalex.org/W3068123808","https://openalex.org/W3156449551","https://openalex.org/W4213043044","https://openalex.org/W4376118231","https://openalex.org/W4392932057","https://openalex.org/W4393417437","https://openalex.org/W4399138722","https://openalex.org/W4403528722"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"spammers":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3,46,81,108],"serious":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,66,111],"online":[7],"social":[8,168],"networks":[9],"by":[10],"manipulating":[11],"topics,":[12],"promoting":[13],"malicious":[14],"campaigns,":[15],"and":[16,33,53,60,99,106,137,140,147],"spreading":[17],"low-quality":[18],"or":[19],"deceptive":[20],"content":[21,52,114,156],"at":[22,45],"scale.":[23],"Existing":[24],"detection":[25,166],"methods,":[26],"including":[27],"text-based":[28],"classifiers,":[29],"graph":[30],"neural":[31],"networks,":[32],"hybrid":[34],"models,":[35],"still":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38],"three":[39],"key":[40],"limitations:":[41],"they":[42,50,61],"usually":[43],"operate":[44],"single":[47],"structural":[48,103],"scale,":[49],"treat":[51],"network":[54],"structure":[55],"as":[56],"loosely":[57],"coupled":[58],"signals,":[59],"often":[62],"assign":[63],"equal":[64],"importance":[65],"all":[67],"edges":[68],"within":[69],"the":[70],"same":[71],"relation":[72],"type.":[73],"To":[74],"address":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"MHGCA,":[80],"Multi-scale":[82],"Heterogeneous":[83],"Graph":[84],"learning":[85],"framework":[86],"with":[87,116,157],"Content\u2013Structure":[88],"Alignment":[89],"for":[90,163],"robust":[91],"spammer":[92,165],"detection.":[93],"MHGCA":[94,128],"jointly":[95],"encodes":[96],"motif-,":[97],"community-,":[98],"global-level":[100],"structures,":[101],"detects":[102],"anomaly":[104],"patterns,":[105],"employs":[107],"relation-aware":[109],"transformer":[110],"adaptively":[112],"align":[113],"similarity":[115],"relation-specific":[117],"message":[118],"passing.":[119],"Experiments":[120],"on":[121],"two":[122],"real-world":[123],"Twitter":[124],"datasets":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127,153],"consistently":[129],"outperforms":[130],"strong":[131],"baselines":[132],"under":[133],"severe":[134],"class":[135],"imbalance":[136],"limited":[138],"supervision,":[139],"remains":[141],"stable":[142],"across":[143],"different":[144],"training":[145],"ratios":[146],"hyperparameter":[148],"settings.":[149],"These":[150],"results":[151],"suggest":[152],"explicitly":[154],"aligning":[155],"multi-scale":[158],"heterogeneous":[159],"structures":[160],"is":[161],"crucial":[162],"reliable":[164],"in":[167],"networks.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T06:14:24.967023","created_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"}
