{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417193781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","title":"Exploring UNet-based models for prostate lesion segmentation from multi-sequence MRI (T2W, ADC, DWI)","display_name":"Exploring UNet-based models for prostate lesion segmentation from multi-sequence MRI (T2W, ADC, DWI)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417193781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041674557","display_name":"Saman Fouladi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-4952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saman Fouladi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Milano, via Celoria 18, Milan, 20133, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Milano, via Celoria 18, Milan, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061622280","display_name":"Fatemeh Darvizeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-0472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133560","display_name":"Centro Diagnostico Italiano","ror":"https://ror.org/03bhap014","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Darvizeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037738148","display_name":"Gabriele Gianini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-0199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Gianini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca 336, Milan, 20126, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca 336, Milan, 20126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054141390","display_name":"R. Di Meo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-5679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133560","display_name":"Centro Diagnostico Italiano","ror":"https://ror.org/03bhap014","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosario Di Meo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074019569","display_name":"L. Di Palma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133560","display_name":"Centro Diagnostico Italiano","ror":"https://ror.org/03bhap014","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Di Palma","raw_affiliation_strings":["CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075830877","display_name":"Ernesto Damiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Damiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Milano, via Celoria 18, Milan, 20133, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Milano, via Celoria 18, Milan, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023424173","display_name":"Alessandro Maiocchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132761","display_name":"Bracco (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wjptj96","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132761"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Maiocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bracco S.p.A, Via Egidio Folli, 50, Milan, 20134, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bracco S.p.A, Via Egidio Folli, 50, Milan, 20134, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022876491","display_name":"Deborah Fazzini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133560","display_name":"Centro Diagnostico Italiano","ror":"https://ror.org/03bhap014","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Fazzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676087","display_name":"Marco Al\u00ec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-7743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133560","display_name":"Centro Diagnostico Italiano","ror":"https://ror.org/03bhap014","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Al\u00ec","raw_affiliation_strings":["CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CDI Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A, via Saint Bon 20, Milan, 20147, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041674557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.4398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87162372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7806000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"Prostate","score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion","display_name":"Lesion","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-diffusion-coefficient","display_name":"Effective diffusion coefficient","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3977000117301941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7806000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7706000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70816921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852","display_name":"Effective diffusion coefficient","level":3,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018822202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Patient data","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/580341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/580341","pdf_url":"https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/580341/1/Fouladi-2026-World%20Wide%20Web-VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1220295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1220295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11280-025-01392-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321610","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417193781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417193781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499310009","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2061553978","https://openalex.org/W2108584285","https://openalex.org/W2117340355","https://openalex.org/W2136145485","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2323327442","https://openalex.org/W2591993455","https://openalex.org/W2769556951","https://openalex.org/W2902977244","https://openalex.org/W3004802547","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3016664505","https://openalex.org/W3030515889","https://openalex.org/W3038833400","https://openalex.org/W3114083731","https://openalex.org/W3138588354","https://openalex.org/W3138814803","https://openalex.org/W4225571462","https://openalex.org/W4229444907","https://openalex.org/W4229451801","https://openalex.org/W4285025157","https://openalex.org/W4285800404","https://openalex.org/W4289536027","https://openalex.org/W4367668684","https://openalex.org/W4378527617","https://openalex.org/W4382010779","https://openalex.org/W4385342304","https://openalex.org/W4385462279","https://openalex.org/W4387580619","https://openalex.org/W4387886028","https://openalex.org/W4390598015","https://openalex.org/W4390949152","https://openalex.org/W4393159392","https://openalex.org/W4401247920","https://openalex.org/W4403906028","https://openalex.org/W4408062666","https://openalex.org/W4412423400"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurate":[1],"delineation":[2],"of":[3,13,60,127,191,208],"lesions":[4,153],"in":[5,174,200,221,228],"prostate":[6,14,66,223],"MRI":[7],"is":[8,18,25],"crucial":[9],"for":[10,65],"the":[11,58,124,180,185,201,211,218],"diagnosis":[12],"cancer.":[15],"Manual":[16],"segmentation":[17,32,225],"time-consuming,":[19],"requires":[20],"advanced":[21],"medical":[22,114],"expertise,":[23],"and":[24,47,72,94,105,144,156,173,227],"subject":[26],"to":[27,38,89,116,233],"inter-operator":[28],"variability.":[29],"Automatic":[30],"lesion":[31,67,136,224],"therefore":[33],"represents":[34],"a":[35,86,170,175,206],"valuable":[36],"tool":[37],"support":[39],"clinicians":[40],"by":[41,113,140],"reducing":[42],"workload,":[43],"minimizing":[44],"observer":[45],"bias,":[46],"enabling":[48],"more":[49],"consistent":[50],"image":[51],"analysis.":[52],"In":[53,179],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56,84],"investigated":[57],"performance":[59],"four":[61],"deep":[62],"learning":[63],"architectures":[64],"segmentation:":[68],"nnU-Net,":[69],"DenseUNet,":[70],"SegResUNet,":[71],"U-Net.":[73],"Unlike":[74],"many":[75],"existing":[76],"studies":[77],"that":[78],"rely":[79],"on":[80,135,169,195,210],"publicly":[81],"available":[82],"data,":[83],"constructed":[85],"dedicated":[87],"dataset":[88],"better":[90],"capture":[91],"real-world":[92],"variability":[93],"challenges.":[95],"The":[96],"dataset,":[97],"comprising":[98],"T2-weighted":[99],"(T2W),":[100],"apparent":[101],"diffusion":[102],"coefficient":[103,189],"(ADC),":[104],"diffusion-weighted":[106],"imaging":[107],"(DWI)":[108],"sequences,":[109],"was":[110,121,166],"carefully":[111],"annotated":[112],"experts":[115],"ensure":[117],"high-quality":[118],"labels.":[119],"Training":[120],"performed":[122],"using":[123],"full":[125],"combination":[126],"these":[128],"modalities.":[129],"Two":[130],"cohorts":[131],"were":[132],"considered":[133],"based":[134],"severity,":[137],"as":[138],"defined":[139],"PI-RADS":[141,151,159,196],"(Prostate":[142],"Imaging\u2013Reporting":[143],"Data":[145],"System)":[146],"scores:":[147],"one":[148],"with":[149,238],"only":[150],"4\u20135":[152,197],"(151":[154],"patients),":[155],"another":[157],"including":[158],"3":[160],"cases,":[161],"totaling":[162],"209":[163],"patients.":[164],"Evaluation":[165],"conducted":[167],"both":[168],"patient-by-patient":[171],"basis":[172],"consolidated":[176],"all-patient":[177,202],"setting.":[178],"patient-level":[181],"analysis,":[182,203],"nnU-Net":[183],"achieved":[184],"highest":[186],"Dice":[187],"similarity":[188],"(DSC)":[190],"0.60":[192],"when":[193],"trained":[194],"lesions,":[198],"while":[199],"DenseUNet":[204],"attained":[205],"DSC":[207],"0.57":[209],"same":[212],"dataset.":[213],"These":[214],"results":[215],"are":[216,231],"within":[217],"range":[219],"reported":[220],"recent":[222],"studies,":[226],"some":[229],"cases":[230],"comparable":[232],"or":[234],"exceed":[235],"those":[236],"obtained":[237],"substantially":[239],"larger":[240],"datasets.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}