{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415081769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7","title":"Efficient legal contract clause extraction using a QA-based knowledge distillation approach","display_name":"Efficient legal contract clause extraction using a QA-based knowledge distillation approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415081769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082611720","display_name":"Bajeela Aejas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-6619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bajeela Aejas","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-6619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071350359","display_name":"Abdelhak Belhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhak Belhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joaan Bin Jassim Academy for Defence Studies, Al Khor, Qatar","Kindi Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-502X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joaan Bin Jassim Academy for Defence Studies, Al Khor, Qatar","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kindi Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073201403","display_name":"Abdelaziz Bouras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-1259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaziz Bouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-1259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082611720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31543784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-case","display_name":"Legal case","score":0.3190999925136566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8741000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334719","display_name":"Legal case","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-025-01375-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129236917","display_name":"World Wide Web","issn_l":"1386-145X","issn":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Wide Web","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8707581664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRCC-2024-514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322472","funder_display_name":"Qatar University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322472","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509297762","https://openalex.org/W2811265215","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W3035668167","https://openalex.org/W3035903835","https://openalex.org/W3099950029","https://openalex.org/W3158086504","https://openalex.org/W4214884227","https://openalex.org/W4225983877","https://openalex.org/W4292474994","https://openalex.org/W4396708596","https://openalex.org/W4404818039","https://openalex.org/W4406754779"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-12T00:00:00"}
